我國第三方支付之法律問題研究

Research on Legal issues of Third-Party Payment in Taiwan

近年電子商務興起，隨之疫情肆虐，加深消費者對網路購物平台及美食外送平台的依賴，其中電子商務平台的蓬勃發展帶動了行動支付的需求，而因應電子商務需求而生的支付模式以第三方支付最具法律討論性。第三方支付平台立於在公正第三方地位，同時保障消費者及賣家的權益，具有交易上的便利性、安全性。
首先，本論文會先詳細解釋第三方支付及電子支付的相關名詞定義及專法，釐清我國對於第三方支付與電子支付定義及規範上的差別。並介紹第三方支付的三大服務功能：「代收代付」、「預付儲值」、「履約擔保」，再分析2021年7月新修法的《電子支付機構管理條例》中「電子支付」、「電子票證」二元化管理的法制統整合一對產業帶來的劇變。
接著剖析第三方支付交易模式中錯綜複雜的當事人間法律關係，在第三方支付業者、網路賣家、消費者、金融機構及電子商務平台之間梳理出明確的法律定性。掌握法律基本關係後，進一步分析在未授權支付、錯誤支付、遲延支付等風險事故發生時，應如何責任風險分配才公平合理。最後對我國第三方及電子支付法制與產業發展提出建議。

In recent years, because of the rise of E-Commerce and raging epidemic, consumers has more depend on online shopping platforms and food delivery platforms. Among them, the vigorous development of E-Commerce platforms boosts the demand for mobile payment, and the payment method -third-party payment born in response to E-Commerce needs is the most popular legal issue. The third-party payment platform standing in the position of an impartial third party, and protecting the rights and interests of consumers and sellers at the same time has transaction convenience and security.
First of all, this thesis explains in detail the definitions of third-party payment and electronic payment, and clarify the legislation differences between third-party payment and electronic payment in Taiwan. Secondly, this thesis introduces the three major service functions of third-party payment: "collecting and making payments as an agent", "receive stored funds", "escrow", and analyze the amendment of The Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions in July 2021. The legal merging "electronic payment" and "electronic stored value cards " into one brings drastic changes to the industries.
Thirdly, this thesis dissects the intricate legal relationship among the parties in the third-party payment transaction mode, and sorts out the clear legal characterization among third-party payment operators: sellers, consumers, financial institutions and Ecommerce platforms. After mastering the basic legal relationship, this thesis further analyzes how to allocate responsibility and risk of loss in the event of risk accidents such as unauthorized payment, erroneous payment, and late payment to be fair and reasonable.
Finally, this thesis will give advice to the legal system and industrial development of the third-party payment and electronic payment in Taiwan.