中西文「名詞+體貌形容詞」結構的名詞詞組對比

Nominal Phrases Consist of Nouns and Aspectual Adjectives in Mandarin Chinese and Spanish

本研究對比中西文裡，組合為名詞搭配體貌形容詞的名詞結構，分析此類詞組的表層結構表現及語義特徵，並對其同類型的合成詞詞彙化現象做出解釋。文章內容提及體貌形容詞及名詞間向心及離心結構的依存關係，總結出，儘管兩種語言的向心結構詞組較為能產，詞語成分間的依存關係並非絕對性而是程度上的相對性，此特性在離心結構中尤為體現。例如，西語的media naranja及中文的〝半子〞，雖然造詞歷程內含隱喻機制的離心詞，其詞組成分media/〝半〞字的深層語義仍體現在詞組組合中。從兩種語言的表層結構分析，由體貌形容詞及名詞組合而成的複合固定詞裡，西文的構詞型態過程比中文更具多元性，例如中文的對等詞，在西文能以型態複合詞(compuestos morfológicos: bàn yè 半夜 “medio” “noche” → medianoche)、派生詞(formación derivada: quàn fāng wèi 全方位 “total” “dirección” → multifunción)、單純詞(palabra simple: cháng shù 常數 “frecuente” “número” → constante (mat.))及短語詞(sintagma nominal: quàn nián 全年 “entero” “año” → todo el año)等各種形式表現。

 

This work extends the contrastive analysis to the type of noun phrases constituted by aspectual adjectives and nouns that, due to their special formal and semantic characteristics, can be compared in Mandarin Chinese and Spanish. The aim is to examine the behavior of lexicalization in a similar group of syntagmatic compounds of both languages. The study states that in terms of the semantic explanation of endocentrism and exocentrism in these combinations of aspectual adjectives and nouns, both languages coincide in presenting more endocentric than exocentric forms. However, in both languages the qualification of endocentrism or exocentrism is not absolute, but with certain gradation in semantic exocentrism. Thus, media naranja ""person who adapts perfectly to another, as if each one were half an orange"" and bàn zǐ 半子 ""middle"" ""son"" → son-in-law present such metaphorical relationships between their components and the referent. Regarding the structural differences between both languages, there are some examples of aspectual compounds whose equivalents in Spanish do not coincide in the morphological process as in Mandarin Chinese, since morphological compounds are added to the aspectual adjective-noun compounds (bàn yè 半夜 ""mid"" ""night"" → midnight), the derived formations (quàn fāng wèi 全方位 ""total"" ""direction"" → multifunction), the simple words (cháng shù 常數 ’frequent’ ’number’ → constant (mat.)) and noun phrases (quàn nián 全年 ""whole"" ""year"" → all year).