做男人：宗族裡的男子氣概與性別象徵

Becoming a Masculinity and Gender Symbolism in the Lineage

本文以父系繼嗣組織－宗族─為例，探討宗族透過血親男性限定的祖譜登錄，規範相關權利與義務，進行祖先祭祀的運作機制，促進其不斷永續發展。宗族要求男性成員傳宗接代，延續世系不能絕嗣，同時形成對祖先們歷時性的崇敬想像，形構同祖先血緣親屬的男性親密感，履行宗族裡做男人的期待。宗族是典型父系家庭的總集合與象徵代表，以父子軸血緣、親緣繼嗣法則為核心，串連起男性繼承為中心的關係網絡組織。本研究試圖補充既有理論解釋相關的社會文化結構，為理論化男子氣概與「祖婆崇拜」的性別象徵提供在地案例。

This study focused on patriarchal organization in ethnic Chinese society-lineage (zong zu)-and explored how a lineage continues to develop through patrilineal genealogy registers, relevant rights and obligation regulations, as well as ancestor worship mechanisms. Lineages require their male members to sustain the patrilineality by having at least one offspring and holding constant respect for the ancestors. This expectation toward male members of a lineage helps to form intense relations between the male members within the same lineage. Lineages represent a collective symbol of typical patriarchal families. With patrilineal descendent and kinship inheritance as the core concept, lineages are structured as a social network centering on inheritance of male members. This study supplements existing theories by explaining sociocultural structures, thereby providing local instances for theorization of masculinity and the gender symbolism of zupo worship.