社會給付公權力主體對第三人之償還請求權──德國社會法典法定債權移轉相關規範之比較研究

Studies on Regress between Social Welfare Authorities and Private Debtors: Comparative Studies on the German Social Law Codes

自一九五○年代開始，歷經數十年發展，臺灣已建立相當完善之社會安全體系，惟社會給付是否改變既有私法關係中的權利義務關係，個人生存基礎之保障，何時由社會連帶負擔最終責任、何時由個人與家庭負擔最終責任，就此我國各項社會立法規範不一或未有規範，民事法院與行政法院見解亦有不同，整體法律體系缺乏理論架構。
本文介紹德國社會法典第10編社會行政程序法及第12編社會救助法關於法定債權移轉之規定，說明德國社會法如何以法定債權移轉模式系統性規範社會給付公權力主體、社會給付受領者與第三人之間的公法與民法權利義務關係，維持社會法於整體法律體系中之補充性地位，並以此與我國犯罪被害人保護法、全民健保法、勞工職業災害損害填補相關法律與保護法及老人福利法相關規定、學說與實務見解作比較分析，探討債權移轉之規範模式是否為我國法律體系所採納，為後民法時期法律體系如何合理分配社會連帶與個人責任之間的界限提供學理基礎。

Beginning in the 1950s and developing for decades thereafter, a comprehensive social security system has been established in Taiwan. However, the regulations regarding to the fundamental issues of whether and to what extent the social security systems modify the civil liabilities, are often insufficient. It results in inconsistent viewpoints between the civil courts and administrative courts. The whole legal system lacks a theoretical pattern.
This article is conducted to introduce the regulations of cessio legis between the authorities and private debtors under the German Social Law Code X, the Social Welfare Administrative Act, and Code XII, the Social Assistance Act. It will illustrate how the cessio legis in the German social law balances the rights and obligations among social welfare authorities, social welfare recipients, and the third part with civil liability in order to maintain the subsidiarity principle of social law in the whole legal system. Based on the comparative study of regress in the German social law, this article examines further the relevant regulations, jurisprudence, and literature of the Crime Victims Protection Act, National Health Insurance Act, Acts about occupational accident compensation, Elder Welfare Act, and other social welfare acts in Taiwan. It aims to analyze whether and how far the civil liabilities are released through the social welfare and social insurance benefits in case of competition of claims of civil and social law and tries to provide the perspectives of cessio legis for resetting the balance between the solidarity responsibility on the one hand and the civil liability on the other hand in light of the era of the post-civil law.