犯罪化理論（譯文）

Theories of Criminalization

本文的研究對象爲犯罪化理論。首先，本文討論了憲法對犯罪化的影響，憲法法院避免宣布刑法條文違憲的傾向，民主作爲犯罪化理論的替代物，以及犯罪化理論與憲法理論之間的聯繫。其次，本文討論了法益說，損害原則，對于“他人權利”、道德價值和集體利益的保護。最後，本文探討了在犯罪化理論下，應該預防什麽樣的行爲，幷重點討論了涉及最後手段與犯罪歸責的調和原則。

This chapter examines theories of criminalization. It first considers the impact of constitutional law on criminalization and constitutional courts´ tendency to avoid declaring criminal prohibitions unconstitutional, democracy as a substitute for criminalization theory, and the link between criminalization theory and constitutional theory. It also discusses the doctrine of legal goods, the harm principle, and protection of the “rights of others,” moral valuse, and collective interests. Finally, the chapter explores what kind of conduct should be prevented under criminalization theory, with an emphasis on mediating principles regarding ultima ratio and attribution.