從奧地利刑法看我國過失致死罪草案

Viewing the Draft of Negligent Homicide from the Related Regulation in Austrian Criminal Code

太魯閣事件後行政院火速通過刑法有關過失致死加重處罰的草案，草案以「情節重大」及「致三人以上於死」二項標準作為加重處罰事由。依立法理由，草案部分參酌奧地利刑法之外國立法例而來。本文先就奧地利刑法有關過失致死的新舊規定，以及該國實務及學說就各該條文如何解釋與適用進行分析。經分析後可以發現，我國草案之規範方式實係融合奧地利舊法的「特別危險情況」的行為非價及現行法的「被害人數增加」的結果非價兩種標準作為過失致死加重處罰的標準。最後就我國目前草案結構可能遇到的法律體系及解釋適用問題為初步分析。

After the Taroko Express derailment accident, Executive Yuan has speedily passed a draft regarding negligent homicide, which includes “in particularly serious cases” and “causes the death of more than three” as reason for aggravating the sentence. This is the first time that the phrase “in particularly serious cases” would be used in the criminal code of Taiwan, therefore caused numerous discussion. According to the explanation of the draft, this draft referred to the regulation in criminal code of Austria. After analyzing the regulation in criminal code of Austria, and how it is to explain and apply, we can find out that the drafts is actually a combination of the element of “under particularly dangerous conditions” in old criminal code of Austria and the element of “a larger number of victims” in new criminal code of Austria. It is meaningful to understand the explanation of those regulations in Austria and how they would be applied first, before we take further discussion.