COVID-19疫情對於檢驗醫學教育方式的省思

Retrospect, Refection and Prospect of Medical Laboratory Science Education Under Covid-19 Pandemic

因應COVID-19疫情流行，檢驗醫學教育也面臨重大挑戰，在過去以實作為主的學習模式，如何在不損害教育品質，進而研發創新的教學方式，成為現今檢驗醫學教育的重要議題。當只能實施遠距教學（distance learning）與營造虛擬學習環境（virtual learning environment）時，如何增加學生互動性、學習意願，並適時了解學生學習進度、促進自主學習，即是非常重要的關鍵。教師可以運用不同教學方法增加學生互動性如翻轉教室、案例學習與團隊導向學習；優化教案製作與設計，增加學生學習意願，如微課程製作，在短時間內精準傳達教學內容，每段影片聚焦於某個主題知識或技能，片長約數分鐘到數十分鐘，以求增進教材可近性；最後是善用學習管理系統（Lear ning Management System, LMS），適時掌握學生學習進度、適時提供協助。若能增加虛擬學習環境（virtua l learning environment）的逼真度與互動性，以美國疾病管制局製作的虛擬實驗室訓練課程為例，有效使用虛擬實境（virtual reality）技術，提供學習者進行擬真訓練，使虛擬學習環境的學習效益最大化。然而現今虛擬實境技術仍未普及，期待未來虛擬實境技術成熟，能降低虛擬實境教學的成本與技術門檻，讓虛擬實境教學更普及化。因應疫情流行，教學模式改變對檢驗醫學教育是否造成的實質影響，仍有賴學校老師與臨床教師共同討論分析，並在下次危機襲來之前，在檢驗醫學教育做好超前部署。

Ways of lectures and laboratory practices in University have experienced significant changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. As lectures were required to go online, several educational innovations therefore emerged, which challenges the traditional teaching methods. Both distance learning and virtual laboratories effectively enable undergraduate students to learn experimental technology online in safe and controllable environments. Moreover, in order for classes to go online in a smooth manner, teachers used various teaching approaches, including the hybrid flipped-classroom, case-based learning and team-based learning, to engage students. To make the learning environment more attractive and effective, teachers also employed microlectures to promote a self-directed learning model, allowing students to decide when they watch online tutorials and arrange their learning progress accordingly. Microlectures are short videos of structured lectures on a particular topic produced by the instructor. By utilizing microlectures, teachers improved students’ satisfaction and learning performance simultaneously. The Learning Management System(LMS)provided teachers with a framework to handle different aspects of learning process in a remote manner. Nevertheless, although Virtual Reality(VR)education could enhance learning and increase engagement, and transform the way of educational contents delivery, the biggest hindrance in adopting VR training would be high upfront costs. To make VR training more accessible, affordable and flexible, further studies are warranted.