日本介護福祉士培育與證照制度之特色與問題

On the Characteristics and Challenges of Care Worker Training & Certification System in Japan

本文旨在分析日本的介護福祉士制度，以文獻研究法探討日本如何規劃學校正統教育機制與國考證照機制培育照顧工作專業人才，最後探討政策推動成效。

本文歸納出日本是透過「官．學．考」機制，於中央主管機關的強力主導下，推動介護福祉士制度。此制度推動34年的政策成效有四點：1.確立照顧工作的專業性，2.確立廣義的照顧工作內涵，3.確立標準課程大綱是以「長照領域」為核心課程，4.累計培育181萬名國人取得國考證照。然，由於日本政府欠缺規劃，無設計「國考證照」與「薪資水準」之間的連動關係，「低薪」導致約五成取得國考證照者，無從事照顧工作，形成嚴重的照顧人才流失問題。

 

This study plans to analyze Japan’s Professional Care Worker Certification System and explore Japan’s Care Works Professional Certification training system and National Certification based on literature review methodology. Last, the study addresses the effectiveness of the policies.

This study concludes that Japan drives Care Worker Certification System through cooperation of the industries, Government and training providers. The Central Authorities are making all-out attempts to execute the Care Worker Certification System. The study concludes 4 effectiveness of the policies that Japan has been taken for 34 years. 1. Ensure the proficiency of Care Work. 2. Define the coverage of Care Work. 3. Design the courses standard curriculum to fit long-term care domain. 4. Achieve cumulative 1.81 million of certifications. However, due to the lack of binding relation design between ’’National Certification’’ and ’’Employee Payroll’’, the low payroll causes approximate half of unemployment of those certified, and attributes to severe attrition rate.