嘉義縣淺山地區穿鬥式屋架類型之衍生研究

A Generative Study of Chuan-dou House Frame Typology in Chia-yi County Low Mountain Area

常民建築的空間與構造均是動態變化的系統，會因為生活與環境而不斷變化。常民建築的樣式豐富多元，屋架構造亦呈現多樣面貌。建造者因人、因事、因地制宜，以既有的構造技法為根基進行變化，建造出各式各樣的屋架，成就符合環境條件與生活需求的空間。以構造基型與構造技法為根基，便可形成具有變化潛能與調適能力的構造系統。 本研究以嘉義縣淺山地區的民宅屋架構造為研究對象。若以常民建築所使用的屋架形式分類，本地區民宅較多數使用「穿鬥式」屋架。惟較一般所認識的穿鬥式屋架範型而言，本地區的穿鬥式屋架顯得十分多樣，變化豐富。除了簡單的穿鬥式屋架之外，尚有多種衍型變化，構成該地區具有特色的穿鬥式屋架家族。 本研究以「設計」的觀點視此地區的穿鬥式屋架群為一系列具有同質性的創作。以田野調查方式蒐集216件穿鬥式屋架案例，經過整理與分類，界定出「基型」、「基本操作」、「選項操作」，並根據許多變異類型找出「變異操作」。透過基本操作、選項操作與變異操作，可以演繹出本地區各種穿鬥式衍型與異型，形成該地區穿鬥式屋架構造之「衍生系譜」。 本研究藉由分類瞭解嘉義縣淺山地區穿鬥式屋架之基型、衍型與異型，以及其所使用的衍異方法。藉由屋架之類屬與衍異方法，可建立該地區完整的屋架衍生系譜，有助於瞭解建築構造系統之轉化現象。

 

Space and construction of ordinary buildings are changing dynamic systems. The systems changes therefore the various house forms are generated. Building craftsmen build various house frames to adapt environmental constrains and living needs based on basic techniques. Therefore, an adaptable construction system is composed with a constructional genotype and derived construction techniques based on existing basic techniques. This paper surveyed ""chuan-dou"" house frames in low mountain area in Chia-yi County. The general idea of chuan-dou house frames cannot accurately illustrate the variety of house frames in this area. In addition to genotype, several stereotypes of chuan-dou house frame can be extracted from the examples in terms of a taxonomical study. This study treats the chuan-dou house frames as a series of design works. 216 examples of chuan-dou house frames were collected during the field survey. Those examples will be classified to identify basic form from various derived forms and alien forms. Basic and derived constructional operations will be extracted from the analyses. Every type of chuan-dou house frames can be generated from basic form in terms of the complete generative operations. Basic form and its stereotypes derived by generative operations compose the generative family tree. It helps understanding the 216 examples, and the unexplored parts of the chuan-dou family in this area. In addition to understand the chua-dou house frame in this area, the basic form and derived forms of chuan-dou house frames, and their constructional techniques can be extracted from a taxonomical analysis. Based on the taxonomy and construction techniques, a family tree of the house frames in this area can be built. It facilitates understanding the generation of construction system and spatial system of houses.