歐洲漢語能力基準項目之語言功能探析──基於教材編寫的角度

Analysis of the Language Functions of the “European Benchmarks for the Chinese Lan-guage (EBCL)” -- Based on the Perspective of Textbook Compilation

本文從「教材編寫」的角度，切入《歐洲漢語能力基準項目》所公布之語言功能，而《歐洲漢語能力基準項目》（European Benchmarks for the Chinese Language，簡稱EBCL）乃專為歐洲人學華語文所制定「華語教學大綱」，2012年公布1.0版，2015年公布1.1版。目前「華語教學大綱」依學習者之學習地點，可分為通用於目的語地區及非目的語地區之大綱，通用於歐洲的《歐洲漢語能力基準項目》公布語言能力等級：A1.1／A1／A1＋／A2／A2＋等級，並建議六大類語言功能（EBCL Proposed List of Language Functions）：（1）社交表達（23項子功能）；（2）情況表述（24項子功能）；（3）態度表達（40項子功能）；（4）情感表達（58項子功能）；（5）使令表達（13項子功能）；（6）談話技巧（25項子功能），本文探析功能項目之規劃，並與四本目的語地區所研制的「華語功能大綱」比較，據此提出建議，以作為華語教材編寫之參考。

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the language functions of the “European Benchmarks for the Chinese Language (EBCL)” based on the perspective of textbook compilation. The EBCL is a Chinese syllabus developed specifically for Europeans to learn Chinese. Version 1.0 was released in 2012 and version 1.1 was released in 2015. According to the learners’ regions, the current Chinese syllabuses can be divided into target language regions and non-target language regions. The EBCL that is commonly used in Europe announces the language proficiency level: A1.1/A1/A1＋/A2/A2＋ grades and proposes six major types of language functions. They are (1) Social interaction and conventions (23 sub-functions); (2) Information exchange (24 sub-functions); (3) Attitudes and opinions (40 sub-functions); (4) Emotions and feelings (58 sub-functions); (5) Orders and acting in hierarachies (13 sub-functions); (6) Communication strategies in speech (25 sub-functions). This article analyzes these functional items and compares them with four Chinese syllabuses developed by the target language regions. The analysis results will be suggested as a reference for the compilation of Chinese language textbooks.