以化學物質風險治理作為權限：歐盟與臺灣管制機關之比較

Authority on the Chemical Risk Governance: A Comparative Research on the Regulatory Agency between European Union and Taiwan

臺灣正處於新管制機關、國家政策、行政管制的化學物質治理轉型時刻。然而，臺灣治理機制及其能力建構是否完備？本文引介歐盟化學總署風險治理制度、考察風險治理如何落實於臺灣毒物及化學物質局之行政實務，並且藉由管制機關的比較研究，分析臺灣管制機制與能力是否完備。本文在方法上主要採取比較研究法、文本分析法。其中針對特定化學物質進行風險治理案例分析，歐盟案例對象為石綿、臺灣案例對象為短鏈氯化石蠟。本文發現臺灣毒物及化學物質局缺乏像歐盟化學總署以風險評估、風險溝通為主要職能的單位，現有風險評估、風險溝通機制、網絡，存在改善或制度化的空間，因此提出臺灣如何建構管制機關風險治理能力的政策與修法建議。

Taiwan is in a period of transition on chemical risk governance which involves a new regulatory agency, national policy, and administrative regulation. However, it is questionable whether or not Taiwan has implemented chemical risk governance mechanism and its complete capacity building. This paper examines the EU Chemicals Agency’s institutional frameworks on risk governance and introduces empirical research on how Taiwan’s regulatory agency practices the risk governance and analyzes the regulatory mechanisms and capacity between regulatory agencies through comparative research. The main research objects are to address and compare the European Chemicals Agency with the Taiwan Toxic and Chemical Substance Agency on the risk governance of chemical substance. It attempts to analyze the functions of each unit in these two agencies, and extracts the components of risk governance to formulate the power and functions with an aim to providing insight into how Taiwan can learn lessons from EU on the construction of mechanisms and networks for chemical risk governance. It also offers some critical suggestions for building Taiwan’s capacities to enhance the chemical safety system and environmental health in general.