中國大陸民法典對臺灣侵權行為法的啟示

Implications of China’s New Civil Code for the Tort Law in Taiwan

大陸民法典內的侵權責任法，規範了許多特殊侵權責任類型，其中一大類型主要從具體的交通安全義務類型架構而成。這些類型中有相當多類型是無過失責任。交通安全義務乃作為義務。將作為義務的違反與過失脫鉤，人們不僅將動輒（因其不作為而）得咎，亦可能因此延緩社經活動的發展。大陸特殊侵權責任法的另一項特色，乃以醫療侵權責任為特殊侵權責任類型。但醫療機構或醫事人員與病患間大抵成立醫療契約。醫療責任法理應在醫療契約法裡展開。本文對大陸侵權責任法的批判只在指出，或許此間尚容有不同的規範設計可能性而已。大陸民法典的劃時代意義，以及當代大陸法律人追求美好民法生活秩序的一切努力，是無庸置疑，且令人敬佩的。

The Tort Liability Law in the Civil Code of the Mainland regulates many types of special tort liability, one of which is mainly structured from specific types of traffic safety obligations. Quite a few of these types are no-fault liability. The traffic safety duty is an action duty. Decoupling the violation of the duty of action from the negligence, people will not only take the blame (due to their inaction) at every turn, but may also delay the development of social and economic activities. Another feature of the mainland’s special tort liability law is that medical tort liability is the type of special tort liability. However, between medical institutions or medical personnel and patients exists generally medical contracts. The medical liability law should be developed in the medical contract law. This article’s critique of the Mainland’s Tort Liability Law only points out that perhaps there are different possibilities for normative design. The epoch-making significance of the mainland civil code and all the efforts of contemporary mainland law experts to pursue a better civil law life order are unquestionable and admirable.