經驗取向暖身歷程研究—心理劇身體暖身活動之運用

The Process Study of Experiential Approach Warm-up — Using Body Warm-up Activities in Psychodrama

本文的目的在於以詮釋現象學的方法，嘗試揭露心理劇中經驗取向暖身的經驗結構內涵。本研究的經驗 取向暖身，係以現象學對身體經驗的論述，經驗治療與真實動作為概念基礎，心理劇導演運用身體暖身 活動幫助成員暖身。團體結束後，研究者選取五位具有自發性暖身經驗的成員，研究者並邀請這五位成 員撰寫暖身經驗描述文，並獲得經驗描述文本。研究者並以李維倫與賴憶嫺（2009）提出之現象學分析 方法，針對經驗描述文進行資料分析。本研究結果有二個發現：（1）是經驗取向暖身經驗歷程，呈現 出兩個行為向度：（a）是縱向聯繫作用：話語—身體感受，這個向度說明成員透過話語及身體經驗的 暖身，能經驗到身體感受，並進一步經驗到自己；（b）是橫向聯繫作用：團體中的人際語言、非語言 行動，會引發成員的身體感受，幫助成員經驗自己；（2）是經驗取向暖身歷程的四個結構內涵包括： （a）初進團體成員狀態的經驗主題；（b）團體成員分享、支持與互動，成員投入團體的經驗主題； （c）成員透過看見／聽見他人的分享，成員可以感受自己身體感受、理解他人或浮現生活事件；（d） 成員運用身體暖身活動，成員能能體驗自己的身體感受，浮現生活事件，並經驗自己。透過本研究，我 們有機會了解經驗取向暖身的經驗歷程，解明經驗取向暖身的內涵，藉以擴大並充實心理劇的理論。

 

This study aimed at revealing the experiential structure of participants in experiential approach warm-up. Experiential approach warm-up is based on phenomenology, experiential therapy, and the concept of authentic movement. The researchers reviewed the warm-up theory of psychodrama, the body experience in phenomenology, experiential approach, and the concept of authentic movement. In the experiential approach warm-up, there were some body warm-up activities, including body movement, meditation, role play, concretization.

In the study, the researcher used the paradigm of hermeneutic phenomenology. The five selected participants were assessed by two psychodrama expert as ""spontaneous participants"" according to the five dimensions of the spontaneity (Lai, 2017). The five participants were all women between 22 and 50 years old, and their Psychodrama training hours ranged from 70 to 280 hours. After the group, the researcher asked the five participants to write down their experience after participating in body warm-up activities. Phenomenological analysis (Lee & Lai, 2009) was applied to the descriptions of experience obtained from five participants after they attended experiential approach warm-up. The experiential structure of participants in experiential approach warmup were obtained. Two main findings were obtained. (1) The experiential structure of warm-up in psychodrama consisted of two dimensions of behaviors. One was the vertical dimension, indicating the words-bodily feelings connection: participants were warmed up through bodily activities and participants experienced themselves. The other was the horizontal dimension, indicating the interpersonal verbal and nonverbal communication Repetitive in group. Participants’ bodily feelings were aroused and participants experienced themselves. (2) The experiential structure of warm-up included 4 structures: (a) When group members just came into the group, group members felt confused, were distant from the group and were struggling to be the Protagonist. (b) Through the mutual sharing, support and interaction between group members, group members felt supported and relaxed, and they could participate in the group psychologically. (c) When members saw or heard others’ sharing, member experienced themselves, understood themselves and others, and thought of some life events. There are two subthemes in the structure. One is ""members saw or heard other’s sharing-body feelings-understood themselves and others"", the other is ""members shared their experience or heard others’ sharings-body feelings-think of life events-awareness"". (d) members used body warm-up activities (body movement, meditation, role play, concretization) to do warm-up, members can experience themselves, think of life events and experience themselves. There are three subthemes in the structure. The first is ""body movement-the touch of the body-body feelings-experience themselves"". The second is ""body warm-up activities (body movement, meditation, role play)-body feelings-think of life eventsawareness"". The third is ""body warm-up activities (body movement, meditation, concretization)-body feelingsawareness"".

In the study, the researcher discussed the relationship between body warm-up experience and spontaneity and the mechanism of experiential approach warm-up. The mechanism of experiential warm-up is : (1) the verbal and nonverbal behavior between members evoke the body experience of members and facilitate spontaneity. (2) body warm-up activities help members being here-and-now and prepare for being the protagonist. Through this study, various significant features regarding experiential approach warm-up were clarified. The study helps to understand the experience of participating in body warm-up activities. However, the findings may not apply to other types of warm-up; not can the study explain the experience of the participants who are in low spontaneity.