社區型社會企業之高齡人力資源運用及社會影響：以高雄市圓富社區發展協會為例

The Social Impact of Senior Human Resources Employment in Community-based Social Enterprise: A Case Study of Yuanfu Community Development Association in Kaohsiung City

本研究目的在於探討非營利組織採取充權方式運用高齡人力資源概況、影響及效用，探究社區型社會企業在管理上所需之要素與可能的障礙，作為未來高齡者人力運用發展之社會企業參考。本研究採質性研究方法，透過個別訪談法與半結構式的訪談大綱，及搭配次級資料進行資料收集；研究對象為圓富社區發展協會，實證資料的「重要行動者」分為兩個層面，第一層面為社區組織相關人員，共訪談8位；第二層面則為高齡工作者，共訪談7位服務生。

本研究發現組織投入社會企業動機，主要為創新開發社區型產業使社區再生與活化、鼓勵長者拓展生活圈跳脫被服務之角色、及期望社區自給自足不依靠政府經費補助。另外，本研究也從高齡就業者之工作特質、協會運用高齡人力資源特性、社區型社會企業管理發展要素、社區組織採用充權途徑運用高齡人力資源之影響及效用等進行討論。研究相關建議，有關社區組織建議，社區組織可積極結合在地資源發展在地產業、邀請男性長輩擔任隘堤咖啡館服務生、提升社區人力之專業度、安排給年輕人力提升成就感之工作、與組織成員建立共識。有關政策上之建議，政府可協助宣傳社區產業與特色、以培力之角度提供人力運用與服務內容。

 

This research aims to explore the overview, influences, and effects of utilizing elderly human resources by a non-profit organization through empowerment, as well as the required management factors and possible barriers of a community-based social enterprise, in order to offer a reference for the application and development of an elderly labor force for social enterprises in future. This study adopted a qualitative research method and collected data by one-on-one semi-structured interviews in combination with secondary data. The research object is Yuanfu Community Development Association. The key actor in the empirical data was classified into two categories: the staff of community organizations were interviewed by non-random sampling and elderly servers were sampled for interviews by purposive sampling.

The analysis found that the motivations of an organization to invest in a social enterprise are to creatively develop the industry of a community to refresh and activate the community, encourage the elderly to expand their life sphere to jump off the role of being serviced, and to seek out self-sufficiency of a community without relying on government funds and subsidies. The study also analyzed the characteristics of elderly servers, the features of application of elderly human resources, the management development factors of a community-based social enterprise, and the influence and effect of the application of elderly human resources by empowerment in the community organization. This research suggests that relevant community organizations may develop local industries in combination with their local resources, invite male elderly to be servers of Eighty Café, improve the profession of their human resources, assign work to young people and make them feel a sense of achievement, and establish common views with their members. It also offers suggestions to the government and its related policies: services should be provided from the dimension of empowerment through the government’s publicity on industries and features of the community.