臺灣文化資產水災風險與治理對策

Identification of Flooding Risk and Preventive Strategy to Cultural Heritage in Taiwan

由近年來天然災害發生頻率的增加，可知文化資產的保護必須同時考慮當地環境和極端天氣事件的潛在影響。在臺灣，多數對於文化資產災害管理的建議普遍欠缺對環境整體性的考量，導致國內許多文化資產仍然受到災害事件的威脅。Wang（2015）首度關注臺灣文化資產「靜態結構化風險」地圖。本研究延續上述研究，採用風險辨識視角，以水災為主要災害類型，加以擴大為臺灣整體區域尺度的操作及分析。利用地理資訊系統整合淹水潛勢圖資與文化資產分布位置，分析可能遭受水災災害影響的文化資產類別與數量，探究其可能原因與影響因子，希冀提供未來文化資產風險管理措施和減災策略參考。結果顯示，暴雨對文化資產而言是一個需要因應的重要課題，文化資產類型受水災影響嚴重程度由高至低分別為歷史建築、直轄市/縣市定古蹟、國定古蹟與遺址；聚落和文化景觀並未受水災影響，其原因可能與所在位置高程或傳統文化中的先人經驗或智慧有所關聯。當地環境的改變，如地層下陷、陸域化等，亦是影響文化資產是否受水災影響的重要因素。未來，有必要針對文化資產的災害管理，考量區域及文化資產特性，進行跨領域的專業整合，全面性地運用結構性和非結構性減災措施，來降低文化資產的災害脆弱度、加強文化資產韌性。

 

The increasing frequency of natural disasters means that cultural heritage conservation must consider both the local environment and potential impact of extreme weather events. Most suggestions for disaster management regarding cultural heritage in Taiwan ignore the integrity of the environment, with the consequence being that many cultural heritage sites in Taiwan remain threatened by disaster events. Wang (2015) conducted the first mapping survey in Taiwan that concentrated on “static-structural risks” regarding cultural heritage. The present study continues the above one, with adopts a risk-identification perspective with flood as the main disaster type, and enlarges to a regional scale operation and analysis. This study analyzes the categories and amounts of cultural heritage that might suffer from disasters based on a geographic information system that integrates flooding susceptibility data with cultural heritage sites. Through searching the possible flooding causes and impact factors, hoping to provide the information serves to inform the measures of future risk mitigation and disasters reduction efforts. The results reveal that heavy rain is an important issue that needs to be addressed for cultural heritage. The sites most impacted by floods were as follows (most to least): historical buildings, municipal and county monuments, national monuments, and archaeological sites, whereas traditional settlements and cultural landscapes are not impacted. The reason these sites are not affected might be due to their altitudes or the local knowledge of those who built the sites. Changes in the local environment, such as land subsidence and terrestrialization, are also important factors that affect whether cultural heritage are affected by floods. In the future, for disaster management of cultural heritage, it is necessary to conduct cross-disciplinary professional integration and comprehensively use structural and non-structural disaster reduction measures to reduce the disaster vulnerability of cultural heritage and strengthen its resilience after considering regional and cultural heritage characteristics.