國小啟智班學生家庭需求及家庭支援服務之調查研究

A Study of the Family Needs and Family Support Services for Elementary Students with Intellectual Disabilities

本研究旨在瞭解桃竹苗地區國小啟智班學生家庭獲得家庭支援服務的現況以及對家庭支援服務的需求，並分析不同家庭背景變項及子女背景變項對家庭支援服務獲得現況及需求程度之間落差的差異性。研究者自編「國小啟智班學生家庭獲得家庭支援服務現況及需求調查問卷」為工具進行調查，問卷內容包含「精神支援」、「經濟支援」、「資訊支援」、「專業服務支援」、「親職教育課程」以及「生涯規劃」六個向度。其次，本研究以桃竹苗四縣市國小啟智班學生家庭為正式樣本，共寄發問卷920 份，回收579 份，剔除填答資料不全及固定模式填答者，得有效問卷共528份，反應率為57.4%。所得資料以平均數、標準差、重複量數t 考驗、及單因子變異數分析等方法進行統計分析。研究結果顯示：(1)啟智班學生家庭獲得支援服務的現況並不理想，其中以「經濟支援」、「精神支援」獲得情形較佳，而以「生涯規劃」獲得的支援最少。而且，六種家庭支援服務的獲得現況都顯著低於需求程度；(2)啟智班學生家庭對六種家庭支援服務的需求都相當高，其中又以「生涯規劃」的需求程度最高，其次為「資訊支援」、及「專業服務支援」；(3)啟智班學生家庭在家庭支援服務各向度獲得現況與需求程度的落差情形會因母親教育程度、母親職業階層、子女就讀年級、及子女障礙程度的不同而有顯著差異。

The purpose of this study was to explore the family support services and family needs of students with intellectual disabilities in elementary schools in Taiwan. The participants were 528 parents in the Hao-Yuan, Hsin-Chu and Maio-Li Areas. The instrument employed six dimensions: “Spiritual support,” “Economic support,” “Information support,” “Professional service,” “Parents' education,” and “Career planning.” The valid questionnaires were analyzed in terms of frequency distribution, mean, percentage, t-test, and ANOVA. The major findings were as follows: (1) The parents obtained “economic support” and “spiritual support” much more than other forms of support services. (2) The parents had a high level of need for all family support services, especially “career planning.” (3) Mothers' educational backgrounds and jobs, and students' grade level and handicapped status, were found to be the crucial factors associated with the family support services. In accordance with the results of this study, some suggestions were made to the school administrators and families, and suggestions for future research are also given.