中文版存在空虛感量表之信度與效度研究

The Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Experienced Level of Existential Emptiness

背景：精神病人受到疾病影響，缺乏合宜的情緒調適能力，可能因此出現空虛感受，甚至誘發自殺行為。目的：本研究目的係將Hazell於1984年所編製的「The Experienced Level of Existential Emptiness」量表中文化，並進行信度與效度檢測。方法：本研究採橫斷式研究設計，以方便取樣方式，選取中部某精神專科醫院之門診、急性病房、慢性病房個案，並以基本資料表、中文版存在空虛感量表、University of California, Los Angeles寂寞感量表中文版、中文版貝克憂鬱量表第二版、情境－特質焦慮中文量表、中國人幸福感量表（簡短版）等結構式問卷進行資料收集，接著檢測中文版存在空虛感量表的信效度。結果：研究收案總人數共300人，中文版存在空虛感量表之內容效度值介於.88－1之間，擁有良好的再測信度以及內在一致性信度。於效標關聯效度之分析，空虛感程度越高，寂寞感、憂鬱、焦慮等感受越為明顯，幸福感則反之。在結構效度檢測中，以共變相關係數、模型配適度指標作為考量依據，將量表修改成各7題分量表，仍舊有著良好的再測信度，以及可被接受的內在一致性信度，故建議可將量表保留為14題。結論／實務應用：中文版存在空虛感量表可運用於精神病人的空虛感測量，並根據施測結果介入適當的醫療協助。

Background: Psychiatric patients are affected by diseases and mental symptoms that may worsen their ability to adjust emotionally. Being unable to respond to the emptiness, increases the risk of suicidal behaviors. Purpose: This study was designed to translate the Experienced Level of Existential Emptiness (ELEE) scale, developed by Hazell in 1984, from the original English into Chinese and then to test its reliability and validity. Methods: This research adopted a cross-sectional design and collected data using convenience sampling and a structured questionnaire. The subjects of this study were psychiatric outpatients in the acute and chronic wards of a psychiatric hospital in Taiwan. The instruments used in this research included a demographic datasheet; the ELEE; the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, version 3; the Beck Depression Inventory-II; the State- Trait Anxiety Inventory Y form; and the Oxford Happiness Inventory. After the data were obtained, the reliability and validity of the Chinese-version scale was tested. Results: Three hundred subjects were surveyed. The content validity index value of the ELEE was between .88 and 1, and the retest reliability and intrinsic consistency were good. From the analysis of criterion-related validity, a higher degree of emptiness was shown to correlate with more-obvious feelings of loneliness, depression, and anxiety. Conversely, a higher sense of happiness was shown to correlate with less-obvious feelings of these three variables. After the construct validity test, which used confirmatory factor analysis and regarded the co-variation coefficient of association and model fit index as the basis of consideration, the scale was reduced to two sub-scales of seven questions each. After the deletion of items, the scale retained good retest reliability and intrinsic consistency, supporting the retention of the 14 questions in the scale. Conclusions/ Implications for Practice: The findings of this study support using the Chinese version of the ELEE to measure emptiness in patients with mental illness and then providing appropriate medical assistance based on the measured results.