香港粵語利益性接收標記「多謝」的話語功能及其語法浮現

The Emergence of a Beneficial Reception Marker: The Discourse-Pragmatic Functions of doze in Hong Kong Cantonese

本文以口語語料庫為本，描述粵語高頻詞「多謝」（doze）的話語語用功能，並從浮現語法的角度探討此話語標記的發展。研究語料來自三個香港粵語口語語料庫，語料長度約56小時，集中分析「多謝」在會話言談中的互動功能。結果顯示「多謝」在會話中各架構呈現出語法連續體的現象，更虛化到有超越感謝的功能。「多謝」的概念功能為「向別人表達感謝」；語篇功能有「陳述感謝原因」；人際功能則有「回應實質性利益接收」、「回應得到別人非預期的承諾」、「回應恭賀」、「回應恭維」和「拒絕邀請」。本文就研究結果討論關聯理論和禮貌原則在話語標記發展的角色，說明「多謝」以會話參與雙方的利益為核心，透過人際互動浮現出多種功能，並發現「多謝」和「唔該」（mgoi）的語用差異與社會行為的預期值有關。最後，本文證明共時性的人際互動和規約化推動語言使用的演變，並說明動態性的語言變化，即浮現語法。

This paper describes the discourse-pragmatic functions of doze 多謝 ('many thanks') in spoken Cantonese discourse. Two functions of doze were found which have not previously been described. The audio/video data comes from spoken corpora and consists of 107 instances. The study shows that doze is a multifunctional discourse marker: doze functions as a marker of response to tangible receiving, response to congratulations or a compliment, response for declining an invitation, and response to unexpected promise making. This study suggests that doze is originally a stative verb of expressing gratitude; it retains the meaning of thanking and encodes during conversational interaction the attitudes between the speaker and the listener toward the beneficial event. Some grammaticalization effects involving conventional inferencing are witnessed and demonstrate the evolution of a stative verb to a beneficial reception marker via conversational development. This paper also captures the subtle differences between doze and mgoi 唔該 in Hong Kong Cantonese. It contributes to the understanding of grammaticalization, Emergent Grammar, and politeness in the Asian context.