流動與變異：論二十世紀末以來華文小說中流變為魚的想像

Flow and Metamorphosis: The Becoming-Fish Imagination in Contemporary Sinophone Fictions since the End of the Twentieth Century

本文試圖描繪二十世紀末以來華文小說世界裡流變為魚的敘事版圖，思考：近三十年來香港、臺灣、馬來西亞和新加坡的華人作家們，何以不約而同地藉由一場場化身為魚的幻想，開展出中國與民國、漂泊與離散、身體與身份等問題的思辨？首先，政經發展互為鏡面的香港和臺灣，其島和半島上的小說家和編劇，如謝曉虹、王良和、郝譽翔、李維菁、夏曼．藍波安、陳果等，透過人體和魚體來回切換的敘事，共同應對身體異化或身份同化的困境。其次，兩位跨域書寫的東南亞小說家黃錦樹和隨庭，同時在小說裡模糊人與魚的界限，引出華人漂泊的潮濕回憶，還有一直處在悲傷的存活狀態，重塑半島故鄉和島國異鄉的身體感。本文探析各地流變為魚敘事的動向、目的和效果，並指出此一變形寫作，顯現近三十年來東亞、東南亞華人充滿流動性的性別意識、海洋意識和離散意識。

This paper aims to discuss why Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Singapore novelists have coincidentally used the fantasy of becoming-fish to develop their speculations about issues such as drifting and diaspora, body and identity, and the contention between China and the Republic of China since the end of the twentieth century. First of all, based in peninsulas and islands, Hong Kong and Taiwanese writers, such as Tse Hiu-hung, Wong Leung-wo, Hao Yu-hsiang, Lee Wei-jing, Syaman Rapongan, and Fruit Chan, all articulate the dilemma involved in bodily alienation or identity assimilation in their narrative works by switching back and forth between the human body and the fish body. Secondly, two travelling Southeast Asian novelists, Ng Kim-chew and Sui Ting, similarly blur the boundary between human and fish in their fictions, invoking the memories of drifting and reshaping the bodily feeling of the homeland and the foreign land. This article will discuss the movements, purposes and effects of the becoming-fish imagination in various regions. I will point out how this mode of writing reveals the superfluidity of gender consciousness, marine consciousness, and diasporic consciousness of the East Asian and Southeast Asian Chinese in the past thirty years.