「老來伴？」：探討台灣社會及家庭脈絡下的親密暴力與孤獨感

From partners to strangers: association of intimate partner violence with loneliness in later life

目標：面對即將邁入超高齡社會的台灣，孤獨感成為重要議題，婚姻與家庭連結在緩解孤獨感中扮演關鍵角色，惟親密暴力可能加劇孤獨感。本研究探討中老年父母的親密暴力與孤獨感間之關聯，並納入社會與家庭相關因素進行分析。方法：使用「台灣青少年成長歷程研究」資料庫2000年及2019年調查，分析已婚狀態的中老年父母（n= 1,188），以邏輯斯迴歸模型分析親密暴力與孤獨感的關聯與變項間的影響機制。結果：在控制變項後，親密暴力對情感性孤獨的關聯依然顯著（AOR= 1.69, CI: [1.25, 2.30），對社交性孤獨仍具有一定的風險趨勢，但下降為邊緣顯著（AOR= 1.23, CI: [0.99, 1.51]）。此外，代間情感連帶與早年的家庭凝聚力有助於降低孤獨風險，低社團參與與主觀經濟壓力提升孤獨風險，中老年父母分房睡的孤獨感則顯著高於同床者。結論：即便婚配狀態穩定，親密暴力對情感性孤獨仍具顯著相關，凸顯其長期心理影響不容忽視。政策上應強化家庭情感連帶、增進社會參與，並將親密關係品質與經濟安全納入高齡福祉規劃的考量。

Objectives: As Taiwan shifts toward becoming a super-aged society, loneliness has emerged as a pressing public health concern. Whereas marital and family ties play a key role in mitigating loneliness, intimate partner violence (IPV) may exacerbate it. This study investigated the association between IPV and loneliness among middle-aged and older parents. Relevant familial and social factors were incorporated into the analysis. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2000 and 2019 surveys of the Taiwan Youth Project. The study cohort comprised 1,188 married middle-aged and older parents. Logistic regression models were used to identify the associations of IPV with two dimensions of loneliness. In addition, the roles of familial and social factors in these associations were investigated. Results: After covariate adjustment, IPV remained significantly associated with emotional loneliness (adjusted odds ratio: 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.25–2.30). However, its association with social loneliness became only marginally significant (adjusted odds ratio: 1.23; 95% confidence interval: 0.99–1.51); nonetheless, the elevated risk persisted. Strong intergenerational emotional bonds and early-life family cohesion were associated with a reduced risk of loneliness, whereas low participation in social groups and high perceived financial strain were associated with an elevated risk. Notably, older parents who slept separately from their spouses reported significantly higher levels of loneliness than did those who shared a bed. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that even within long-term marital unions, IPV remains significantly associated with emotional loneliness, which highlights its relevance to psychological well-being in later life. The policy implications of this finding include a need to strengthen intergenerational emotional solidarity, promote social participation, and integrate relationship quality and financial security into aging welfare planning.