台灣高齡機車騎士交通事故之時空樣態分析

Spatiotemporal patterns of traffic collisions involving older motorcyclists in Taiwan

目標：本研究旨在探討台灣65歲以上機車騎士交通事故的時空分布與事故類型樣態，並分析不同年齡層與性別間的差異。方法：本研究分析2014-2023年台灣警政署交通事故資料，共納入400,350人次65歲以上機車騎士。以描述性分析呈現人次與百分比，比較不同年齡層與性別之差異；並透過潛在類別分析，辨識高齡機車騎士時空環境的潛在類別，邏輯斯迴歸用於進一步分析各類別中的年齡與性別分布差異。結果：高齡機車事故主要集中於65-74歲當事者（71.25%）。男性事故佔比高於女性，此性別差距隨年齡增長更為明顯。三個潛在類別集群分別是（1）無號誌事故群、（2）有號誌路口群、（3）閃光號誌路口群。相較於有號誌路口群，75歲以上、女性與未戴安全帽的騎士，更可能歸屬於無號誌事故群與閃光號誌路口群，其中75-84歲騎士在閃光號誌路口群的勝算比達1.23倍（95% CI = 1.16-1.31）。結論：高齡機車騎士事故的類型主要由地點相關變項所區分，建議相關單位優先改善路口號誌設計與道路引導，以提升高齡者行車安全。

Objectives: This study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and crash type patterns of traffic collisions involving older motorcyclists (age≥65 years) in Taiwan. Age- and sex-stratified analyses were performed. Methods: Traffic collision data (2014–2023) from the Taiwan Police-reported Traffic Accident Registry were analyzed. The study sample comprised 400,350 cases of traffic collisions involving older motorcyclists. Descriptive statistics (counts and percentages) were used for age- and sex-based comparisons. Latent class analysis was performed to identify underlying spatiotemporal classes, followed by logistic regression to determine age- and sex-related differences in class membership. Results: Most collisions involved riders aged 65–74 years (71.25%). The rate of collisions was higher among male riders than among female riders; this sex difference widened with increasing age. Three latent classes emerged: an unsignalized crash group (UCG), a signalized intersection group (SIG), and a flashing–signal intersection group (FSIG). Older (age≥75 years), female, and non-helmet-wearing riders were more likely to be classified into the UCG and FSIG than into the SIG. Among them, riders aged 75–84 years had an adjusted odds ratio of 1.23 for classification into the FSIG (95% confidence interval: 1.16-1.31). Conclusions: The types of collisions involving older motorcyclists varied primarily by roadway location–related parameters. Relevant agencies should prioritize improvements in intersection signal design and roadway guidance to enhance the safety of older motorcycle riders.