透明，流動與離散

Space Derived from Light (II): Transparency, Fluidity, and Discreteness

X光（X-ray）的技術，誕生於1895年德國科學家倫琴（Wilhelm Rontgen, 1845-1923）的研究，與二十世紀初現代主義建築的興起，幾乎是同一時期。這不是巧合：建築一直能吸收每個時期中整體文化的「時代精神」（Zeitgeist, ''spirit of the age''），體現於空間設計之中；而且光技術帶來所帶來快速而強烈的文化影響，讓抽象的輻射物理成為可見，顯示為黑白影像中細緻的灰階密度，帶來魔法般「看透」事物的能力，驗證對於當代科學能力的信念，這些在現代主義建築中多有回應。

How have the advancements in twentieth-century physical sciences been translated into design philosophies of architectural space? This article first posits that the discovery of X-rays in 1895 coincided with the rise of Modernist architecture. This visual revolution of ''seeing through'' matter prompted architects, such as Mies van der Rohe, to abandon heavy classical walls in favor of the ''transparency'' afforded by structural frameworks and glass curtain walls. Furthermore, the concept of spacetime continuity in Einstein's theory of relativity inspired an architectural pursuit of dynamic ''fluidity'' and curvilinear forms. Conversely, the characteristics of microscopic particles revealed by quantum mechanics-specifically wave-particle duality and probability-point toward an essence of ''discreteness.'' This logic of discreteness resonates with the foundations of contemporary digital computation, presaging a paradigm shift in architecture from continuous forms to a new aesthetic of discrete tectonics, generated through the aggregation and calculation of digital units.