15兆瓦浮式風機在半潛式、駁船及張力腿──三種平台上的運動性能比較

MOTION COMPARISON OF 15 MW FLOATING OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE AMONG SEMI-SUBMERSIBLES, BARGE AND TENSION LEG PLATFORM

浮式風場的開發需要最適合應用的浮體類型，可供選擇的浮體類型主要包括半潛式、駁船和張力腿平台。每種類型都有其獨特的優點和缺點，評估其運動性能對於確定其應用可行性至關重要。本研究分析了四種浮體設計的運動特性：中央塔架半潛式平台（類似VolturnUS設計）、側塔半潛式平台（TaidaFloat設計）、帶月池的方形駁船（類似Ideol設計）和張力腿平台（類似Float4Wind設計）。本研究對每種浮體的尺寸進行了調整，以確保相互之間可以公平比較，4個模型均可用於支撐15兆瓦的風力發電機，分析過程使用OrcaFlex軟體進行模擬，在最大風浪的設計載荷下，用台灣海峽新竹近海的環境數據，進行動態模擬。本研究對平台的靜水特性、水動力特性和動態運動響應進行了評估和比較。分析結果表明，雖然張力腿式平台在起伏和縱搖運動方面幅度最小，但其漂移量幅度過大，可能限制了其應用可行性。駁船式由於其較大的水線面面積增加了起伏剛度，導致起伏過於劇烈，性能較差，且其起伏固有週期位於波浪能量集中區，導致其運動幅度最大。半潛式平台整體運動反應較為均衡。在兩艘半潛式平台中，TaidaFloat因其優異的垂蕩性能而脫穎而出，而VolturnUS在各種環境條件下，也表現出卓越的穩定性。基於這些結果，從運動性能的角度來看，半潛式平台比起其他類型，更適合在台灣海峽等水域部署。

Development of Floating Offshore Wind (FOW) farms requires identifying the most appropriate floater type for demo tests and commercial applications. Different types of floating concepts can be selected including semi-submersibles, barges, and Tension Leg Platforms (TLPs). Each type has its unique strengths and drawbacks. As-sessing their motion performance is essential for determining their feasibility. This research examines the motions of four floater designs: center-tower semi-submersible (inspired by VolturnUS), Side-tower semi-submersible (TaidaFloat), square barge with a moonpool (inspired by Ideol), and TLP (inspired by Float4Wind). The dimen-sions of each floater were calibrated to ensure some comparable characteristics. All models, designed to support a 15 MW wind turbine, underwent dynamic simulations using OrcaFlex under Design Load Cases 6.1, utilizing envi-ronmental data from offshore Hsinchu in the Taiwan Strait. Hydrostatic properties, hydrodynamic properties, and dynamic motion responses were assessed. The anal-ysis shows that while the TLP has smallest motions in heave and pitch, it allows excessive surge movements, potentially limiting its viability. The barge exhibits poor heave per-formance due to its large waterplane area that increases heave stiffness. Its heave natural period is adversely within the first-order wave excitation zone so that it has largest motions. Semi-submersibles offer a more balanced motion response overall. Between the two semis, TaidaFloat stands out for its excellent heave performance, while Voltur-nUS offers superior yaw stability under varying environmental conditions. Based on these results, semi-submersibles may be considered as the more suitable option for deployment in waters such as the Taiwan Strait.