安壇祭詞：黔東南漢侗衝突區的Sax Siis（薩歲）信仰

Ritual Manuscript for Building Sax Altar: Sax Beliefs in the Han-Kam Conflict Zone of Southeast Guizhou

安設薩歲祭壇的安壇祭詞說明侗人建立薩壇的目的、作用和意義，對了解黔東南漢侗衝突產生的薩歲信仰至關重要。本研究在薩歲信仰的核心區進行田野調查，聚焦黔東南生界遭受明清兩代鎮壓而迫遷的侗人所建構的薩歲信仰。2017年筆者採集到貴州省從江縣占里村的安壇祭詞，2018年並透過鬼師的協助，進行祭詞的文化轉譯；同年，實地踏查祭詞中的聖地，訪問黎平縣六甲和上地坪等地的鬼師，並蒐集當地祭薩文本。黎平政協進行薩文化調查後，出版《薩瑪天歲》一書，調查隊訪問過占里的建壇師，但未收錄占里傳承的祭詞。這篇文章揭示占里版本的價值，占里的安壇祭詞是一種另類的戰爭敘事，薩歲帶兵到壇，各路神鬼既承載離散人群與王朝抗爭的歷史經驗，也說明薩歲與合款抗爭高度相關，攸關族群戰後的社會重建，全文翻譯附於文後。

The manuscript for Building Sax Altar explains the purpose, function, and significance of establishing Sax altar in the Kam society, which is crucial to understanding Sax beliefs in the Han-Kam conflict zone of Southeast Guizhou. This study conducted fieldwork in the core area of Sax beliefs, focusing on Sax Siis constructed by the Kam people in southeastern Guizhou, whose ancestors were oppressed and forced to relocate during Ming and Qing Dynasties. In 2017, Welcome Sax into the Hall was collected and translated in 2018 with the help of ritual professionals in Zhanli Village, Congjiang County, Guizhou Province. In the same year, the author conducted fieldwork on sacred sites mentioned in the manuscript, interviewed ritual professionals of Liujia and Shangdiping in Liping County, and collected their transcripts for Sax's worship.
Liping’s Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) promoted Sax Culture Investigation and published a book Sax Mags Tinc Siis. Investigation team interviewed the altar builder in Zhanli, but did not include Zhanli’s manuscript for Building Sax Altar. This article reveals the value of Zhanli’s version which is an alternative war narrative, for Sax leads all the gods and ghosts to the altar with their troops. The system of gods and ghosts carries the history of the Kam’s struggle against the dynasties, and shows the relation between Sax and Kam’s rebellion. Building Sax Altar is crucial to Kam people’s social reconstruction after wars. Therefore, Zhanli’s version is attached in its full translation at appendix.