朱熹「敬」論對二程之繼承與發展

Zhu Xi’s Inheritance and Development of the Cheng Brothers’Theory of“Reverence (Jing)”

「敬」的哲學在二程時具體發展起來，並由朱熹繼承並加以發揚光大，呈現了具體而微的轉變過程，故通過對於二程與朱熹的對比研究，可以見及「敬」的理論建構與發展方向。本文分別由「敬」與「誠」、敬與「戒慎恐懼」、敬與動靜的關係進行探討，一方面呈現朱熹之「敬」對二程的繼承與發揮，一方面也凸顯朱熹在「敬」與「知覺」、「心」概念之間的體系化特色，或可有益於思想史的建構，以及深化對於朱熹哲學的理解。

The philosophy of jing (“reverence”) took concrete form under the Cheng brothers (Cheng Hao, also called Cheng Mingdao, 1032-1085, and Cheng Yi, also called Cheng Yichuan, 1033-1107) and was later inherited and further developed by Zhu Xi, marking a subtle yet significant transformation. By comparing Zhu Xi’s thought with that of the Cheng brothers, this study traces the theoretical construction and evolving trajectory of jing. It examines jing in relation to cheng (sincerity), jingshen kongju (vigilance), and the dynamic interplay between stillness and activity. Through this analysis, the paper demonstrates both Zhu Xi’s continuation and expansion of the Chengs’conception of jing, and highlights his systematic integration of jing with the notions of perception and mind. Such inquiry contributes to the intellectual history of Neo- Confucianism and deepens our understanding of Zhu Xi’s philosophy. *