粟特人在突厥汗國的政治角色——以突厥第一汗國為中心的考察

The Political Role of the Sogdians in the Turkic Khaganate: An Examination Focused on the First Turkic Khaganate

本文主要探討粟特人在突厥汗國中的政治角色及其特殊性。粟特與突厥的聯繫早在中亞地區已經開始，隨著突厥第一汗國的建立，粟特人憑藉語言、外交及軍事能力，進入突厥汗國並擔任重要職位。他們的語言優勢使其成為官員和文職人員，並且在突厥汗國的外交和軍事活動中扮演重要角色，如康鞘利與李淵（566-635，618-626在位）的交涉。此外，粟特人在內的非阿史那族胡人，在頡利可汗（?-634，620-630在位）時期，因可汗所主導的中央集權化政治路線，而獲得更高地位。然而，粟特與突厥之間的關係又不如想像中的密切，粟特人重視部落利益，並非完全依附突厥汗國。史蜀胡悉和康蘇密等人曾因現實利益背叛突厥，展現出粟特政治人物及其社群，在瞬息萬變的北亞國際情勢中，實具有政治決策的能動性。本文希望藉由不同個案的分析，論述粟特人在突厥汗國的政治角色及特殊性，以更細緻的觀察，進一步認識粟特人在突厥汗國中所扮演的政治角色，及他們所造成的影響。

This paper primarily discuss the political role and unique characteristics of the Sogdians (粟特) within the Turkic Khaganate. The connection between the Sogdians and the Turks (Türk, GökTür,突厥) established in Central Asia. With the formation of the First Turkic Khaganate, the Sogdians, leveraging their linguistic, diplomatic, and military skills, joined the Turkic Khaganate and assumed significant positions. Their linguistic proficiency enabled them to serve as officials and civil servants, playing crucial roles in the diplomatic and military activities of the Turkic Khaganate, such as the negotiations between Kang Sheli (康鞘利) and Li Yuan (李淵, 566-635, r.618-626). Additionally, non-Ashina (阿史那) tribe foreigners, including the Sogdians, gained higher status during the reign of Illig Qaghan (Jieli Khagan,頡利可汗, ?-634, r. 620-630) due to the centralization policies he promoted. However, the relationship between the Sogdians and the Turks was not as close as often assumed. The Sogdians prioritized tribal interests and were not entirely dependent on the Turkic Khaganate. Historical figures such as Shi Shuhuxi (史蜀胡悉) and Kang Sumi (康蘇密) betrayed the Turks for realistic benefits, demonstrating the political agency of Sogdian leaders and their communities in the rapidly changing international landscape of North Asia. Through the analysis of various cases, this paper aims to elucidate the political role and uniqueness of the Sogdians within the Turkic Khaganate, offering a more nuanced understanding of their influence and the political roles they played.