連續垂直跳測驗之有氧能力特性與相關性

The aerobic capacity specificities and correlation of the continuous vertical jump test

緒論：單次垂直跳測驗，例如下蹲跳（countermovement jump, CMJ）與落下跳（drop jump, DJ），可作為長期訓練監控的檢測方法。不過，研究也認為連續垂直跳（continuous jump, CJ）亦可作為評估神經肌肉系統的檢測方式。目前多數研究在探討CJ的無氧特性，而探討CJ與有氧能力關係的研究數量則有限。因此，本研究目的為檢驗CJ與有氧能力之間的關係。方法：12名大專甲組男性籃球選手配戴慣性感測器與近紅外線光譜儀，依序進行3次30公分箱高的DJ與1次CJ（連續15次CMJ）測驗，測驗間坐姿休息1分鐘，記錄跳躍過程之肌肉氧飽和度與加速度並換算跳躍高度。跳躍測驗結束後接續進行腳踏車遞增負荷測驗，以每分鐘增加30 W的負荷持續踩踏直到衰竭，記錄衰竭時之最大攝氧量（V‧O2max）、第一與第二換氣閾值（ventilation threshold 1 and 2, VT1 and VT2）的V‧O2max百分比（VT1%與VT2%）。測驗前後採集耳垂血乳酸濃度。結果：CJ之前三、後三、最佳五跳與整體平均高度分別與V‧O2max、VT1%與VT2%具高度至極高相關（r= .583–.716, R2 = .340–.513, p < .05）。CJ最佳高度、反應肌力以及DJ百分比與運動後血乳酸濃度與變化量呈高度至極高相關（r = -.718–.635, p < .05），表現下降百分比則與V‧O2max以及血乳酸變化量呈高度相關（r = -.594與-.586, p < .05）。DJ最佳反應肌力則與VT1%及VT2%呈高度相關（r = .659與.622, p < .05）。結論：CJ測驗與有氧能力具中至高度相關，可能部分反映有氧代謝與抗疲勞能力。未來進行CJ測驗時，宜考量有氧能力的影響。相較於單次跳躍，CJ測驗更貼近停－走類運動（如籃球）的能量特性，具潛力作為體能評估工具之一，惟其應用於訓練監控仍需後續研究驗證。

Introduction: Single vertical jump tests, such as the countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ), are useful for long-term training monitoring of athletes in team sports. However, previous studies have suggested that continuous jumping (CJ) can serve as a means to assess neuromuscular function. While most studies have focused on the anaerobic characteristics of CJ, limited studies examined the relationship between CJ and aerobic capacity. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between CJ and aerobic capacity. Methods: Twelve male collegiate basketball players (Division I) participated in the study. Participants wore inertial measurement unit and nearinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices during three drop jump (DJ) tests (30 cm height) followed by one continuous jump (CJ) test (15 countermovement jumps) separated by one-minute seated rest. Muscle oxygen saturation and acceleration data were recorded during the jumps, and jump height was calculated. After the vertical jump tests, participants performed a cycling graded exercise test. The workload was increased by 30 W per minute until exhaustion. The maximum oxygen uptake (V‧O2max), as well as the percentage of V‧O2max at the first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1% and VT2%), were recorded. Blood lactate (BLa) concentration was measured using earlobe samples before and after the tests. Results: The first three jumps, last three jumps, best five jumps, and overall average jump heights during the CJ test were moderately to highly correlated with V‧O2max, VT1%, and VT2% (r = .583–.716, R2 = .34–.51, p < .05). The best jump height, reactive strength index (RSI), and percentage DJ (pDJ) were highly to very highly correlated with post-exercise BLa concentrations and changes value (r = -.718–.635, p < .05). The performance decrement score (PDs) was highly correlated with V‧O2max and BLa changes (r = -.594 and -.586, p < .05). The best RSI during the DJ test showed a high correlation with VT1% and VT2% (r = .659 and .622, p < .05). Conclusion: The CJ test demonstrates a moderate to strong correlation with aerobic capacity, which may, in part, indicate underlying aerobic metabolic processes and resistance to fatigue. Therefore, future applications of the CJ test should consider the possible effect of aerobic capacity. In comparison to a single jump test, the CJ test more accurately reflects the energy requirements characteristic of stopand- go sports, such as basketball, indicating its promise as an evaluative tool. However, its application within training settings necessitates additional empirical validation.