波姆（Winfried Böhm）普通教育學之探究

An Inquiry into Winfried Böhm's general pedagogy

本研究採用教育詮釋學的方法，進行Böhm 普通教育學的探究。首先探討Böhm 普通教育學的思想淵源；其次闡明Böhm 普通教育學的主要內涵；接著評價Böhm 普通教育學的優劣得失，最後提出Böhm 普通教育學的重要啟示。Böhm普通教育學的思想淵源受到Isocrates 教育理論、Augustine 宗教哲學、Vico 歷史哲學、Buber 對話哲學、Mounier 人格主義、Heitger 規範教育學和d’Arcais 人格主義的影響。Böhm 普通教育學的主要內涵包括教育理論、陶冶理論、教育機構理論、教育學術理論和未來課題。Böhm 的普通教育學具有提出嶄新觀點的教育理論，倡議人格目的的陶冶理論，闡明人格理念的教育機構理論，創立人格主義的教育學術理論和指出普通教育學未來的課題。但是Böhm 的普通教育學也存在著偏重部分人格教育的層面、忽視其他人文藝術的作用和忽略語言相關學科的重要等問題。儘管如此，Böhm 的普通教育學提出嶄新的人格教育方法、呼籲人格教育作為學校教育的目的、建立人格學校作為教育機構的理想、形成人格主義特色的教育學術理論和指出普通教育學的課題在於加強專業性質，依然可以提供我國做為建立教育理論和改善教育實踐的參考，相當值得我們加以重視。

This study adopted the method of educational hermeneutics to explore Böhm's general pedagogy. First, the ideological origins of Böhm's general pedagogy are discussed; secondly, the main connotations of Böhm's general pedagogy are explained; then the advantages and disadvantages of Böhm's general pedagogy are evaluated, and finally the important inspiration of Böhm's general pedagogy is proposed. The ideological origins of Böhm’s general pedagogy were influenced by Isocrates’educational theory, Augustinus’religious philosophy, Vico’s historical philosophy, Buber’s dialogue philosophy, Mounier’s personalism, Heitger’s normative pedagogy and d’Arcais’personalism. The main contents of Böhm's general pedagogy include educational theory, cultivation theory, educational institution theory, educational academic theory and future topics. Böhm's general pedagogy has educational theories that put forward new viewpoints, advocated the theory of cultivating personality goals, clarified the theory of educational institutions that explained the concept of personality, established the educational academic theory of personalism, and pointed out the future topics of general pedagogy. However, Böhm's general pedagogy also has problems such as focusing too much on the aspect of personality education, neglecting the role of other humanities and arts, and ignoring the importance of language-related subjects. Nevertheless, Böhm's general pedagogy proposed a new method of personality education, called for personality education as the purpose of school education, established personality schools as the ideal of educational institutions, formed educational academic theories with personalistic characteristics, and pointed out that the subject of general pedagogy is to strengthen the professional nature. It can still provide our country with a reference for establishing educational theories and improving educational practices, and is worthy of our attention.