相對剝奪感及社經地位與新冠肺炎疫苗接種行為之關聯

Associations of relative deprivation and socioeconomic status with COVID-19 vaccination behavior

目標：本研究旨在探討主觀社會感受（相對剝奪感）及客觀社會條件（社經地位）與台灣民眾新冠肺炎疫苗接種行為之關聯。方法：資料取自中央研究院2021年「幸福溫度計追蹤調查_panel2」。以主觀相對剝奪感與社經地位為自變項，新冠疫苗接種狀態為依變項，分為「未接種疫苗」、「已接種第一劑」與「已接種第二劑」三類。使用多項羅吉斯迴歸分析與疫苗接種相關之因素。結果：共納入1,592位有效樣本，相對剝奪感分數越高者，第一劑疫苗接種機率增加，第二劑接種機率則下降。高教育、高個人月收入及居住直轄市者的第一劑接種機率增加，高教育與高個人月收入者於第二劑接種機率亦增加。此外，未觀察到主觀相對剝奪感與社經地位之交互作用。結論：主觀相對剝奪感對接種行為具階段性影響，初期受防衛性動機與社會規範驅動，後期則因信任缺失而降低接種傾向。即使在免費與普及政策下，教育與收入差距仍透過健康識能與制度信任影響接種，顯示政策需兼顧心理與社會層面以促進接種公平。

Objectives: This study investigated the associations of subjective (relative deprivation) and objective (socioeconomic status) social conditions with COVID-19 vaccination behavior among adults in Taiwan. Methods: Data were obtained from Academia Sinica’s The Happiness Thermometer Project 2021: Project_Panel2. The independent variables were subjective relative deprivation and socioeconomic status, and the dependent variable was COVID-19 vaccination status, which was classified as unvaccinated, received first dose, or received second dose. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify key factors associated with vaccination. Results: A total of 1,592 valid responses were included in the analysis. A higher level of relative deprivation was associated with a higher likelihood of having received the first vaccine dose but a lower likelihood of having received the second dose. Urban residents with higher educational and personal monthly income levels were more likely to have received the first vaccine dose. Furthermore, individuals with higher educational and income levels were more likely than other groups to have received the second dose. No significant interaction was observed between subjective relative deprivation and socioeconomic status. Conclusions: Relative deprivation exerted a stage-specific effect on vaccination behavior. In the early stage, vaccination was driven by social norms and the motivation to receive protection. By contrast, in the later stage, diminishing trust reduced willingness to receive a vaccine. Even under free and universal vaccination policies, disparities in education and income affected vaccination behavior through health literacy and institutional trust, suggesting that policies should address both psychological and social factors to promote equitable vaccine uptake.