論《民營經濟促進法》核心制度的實施

《民營經濟促進法》是民營經濟領域的根本大法，承載著優化民營經濟發展環境、提振民營經濟發展信心的重要使命。《民營經濟促進法》以集成立法的方式，重申或宣示了若幹重要制度，但其關鍵在於落地實施。該法對民營經濟組織進行了正面界定，在具體適用本法時，宜採用反向排除的方法，以避免產生挂一漏萬的弊病。各地在落實《民營經濟促進法》、頒布實施性條例時，應注重設計差異性條款、有針對性條款與可操作性條款。差異性條款是指在保障民營經濟主體擁有平等人格權的基礎上，根據其成長階段、發展規模及當下提振民營企業信心的價值判斷，對民營經濟主體實施有利的差別待遇。有針對性條款是指針對民營企業家面臨的信用懲戒過度、動輒被遠程追捕等困境，以務實管用的程序規則，保障《民營經濟促進法》的法益價值實現。可操作性條款是指針對《民營經濟促進法》的宣示性規定，將其細化為可落地實施的具體規則。

The Private Sector Promotion Law serves as the fundamental legal framework for the private sector in China, carrying the crucial mission of optimizing the development environment for private enterprises and boosting confidence in the sector's growth. Through an integrated legislative approach, the law reaffirms and declares several important institutional principles, but its true significance lies in effective implementation. The law provides a positive definition of private economic organizations, and in the process of applying specific legal rules, a reverse exclusion approach is advisable to avoid omissions or unintended loopholes. When local governments implement the Private Sector Promotion Law and formulate supporting regulations, they should focus on designing differentiated provisions, targeted provisions, and operational provisions. Differentiated provisions refer to granting favorable, differentiated treatment to private economic entities based on their stage of development, scale of operations, and in light of the current policy goal of restoring private sector confidence, all while ensuring equal protection of the fundamental rights of private market participants. Targeted provisions address the practical difficulties faced by private entrepreneurs, such as excessive credit-based punitive measures and the risk of being subjected to cross-regional law enforcement without due process, by introducing pragmatic and effective procedural safeguards to ensure that the legislative objectives of the Private Sector Promotion Law are truly realized. Operational provisions aim to translate the declaratory provisions of the law into detailed, actionable, and enforceable rules to guarantee practical implementation on the ground.