日治臺灣民法學的誕生與展開：殖民政策下學術典範的追尋

Seeking an Academic Paradigm under Colonial Policy: The Birth and Development of Civil Law Studies in Taiwan under Japanese Colonial Rule

本文探討臺灣在日治時期民法學研究的誕生與發展歷程。在此所定義的民法學研究，包含學者的研究成果及法律實務家對於民事議題所進行的討論與研究，本文以「學說在不同時代背景下扮演的角色或任務」為基準，將日治民法學分為3次波動，第一波始於1901年的舊慣調查，約至1910年出版最後調查成果後而消退，學者以近代西方法的權利義務概念與架構，將臺灣的民事習慣定位於近代民法理論的土壤上，為日後私法新秩序的建立打下堅實之基礎。第二波則自1909年法案審查會成立，進行舊慣立法的研究開始，學者以前一波的舊慣調查為基礎，欲以明確的法規範建立近代不動產法秩序，也同時實現自己的學說理論。另一方面，針對土地、家產法律關係之爭議，法律實務家們也在期刊上發表許多法解釋學研究，協助構築近代法秩序。1928年臺北帝國大學成立，展開了第三波非由殖民政策開啟之學院內民法學研究潮，臺北帝大的民法研究者多是畢業於帝大系統，他們一方面延續了東京帝大的判例研究方法，另一方面也獨自發展出臺北帝大民法學的特色，追求建立新的學術典範，主要內容有：介紹法國民法理論、進行比較法研究，還有對臺灣與中國家族習慣的研究，展現出臺北帝大民法學者的在地關懷與貢獻。這些學術遺產不論在研究對象或研究方法上，至今仍具有相當的啟發與意義，不應被遺忘在歷史中。

This article explores the development of civil law studies in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period. The definition of civil law studies in this context encompasses both scholarly research outcomes and discussions and research conducted by legal practitioners on civil law issues. Using the ''role or mission that legal theories play in different historical contexts'' as a framework, this article divides the development of civil law studies during the Japanese colonial period into three waves. The first wave began with the investigation of old laws and customs in 1901 and subsided around 1910 with the publication of the final investigation results. During this period, scholars utilized the concepts and framework of rights and obligations from modern Western law to position Taiwan's civil customs within the context of modern civil law theory, laying a solid foundation for the establishment of a new private law order in the future.
The second wave commenced with the establishment of the Legislative Review Committee and its research on codifying customary laws. Building upon the previous wave's investigations of old laws and customs, scholars aimed to establish a modern real estate law order through legal norms while also realizing their own theoretical perspectives. Concurrently, legal practitioners published numerous studies on legal hermeneutics in journals to address disputes concerning land and property legal relationships, thus contributing to the construction of a modern legal order. The establishment of Taihoku Imperial University in 1928 marked the beginning of the third wave of civil law studies within academia. The civil law research community at Taihoku Imperial University consisted mainly of graduates from the imperial university system. They continued the case law research methods of Tokyo Imperial University while also developing unique characteristics at Taihoku Imperial University. These included introducing French civil law theory, conducting comparative law research, and studying Taiwanese and Chinese family customs, demonstrating the local concerns and contributions of civil law scholars. These scholarly legacies, in terms of both research subjects and methodologies, continue to hold significant inspiration and relevance today and should not be forgotten in history.