醫療暴力在醫療法修法後的變化：量化之實證研究

Medical Violence Trends Following Medical Law Reform: A Quantitative Analysis

目的：分析2014年與2017年兩次醫療法修法後，是否達成避免吃案、提升刑責及減少醫療暴力事件之立法目標。
方法：利用司法院法學資料檢索系統搜尋2014年至2019年犯醫療法第106條第3項之罪的終審法院判決，檢視司法院資料庫之相關判決書，並分析2018年至2022年行政院公報中「醫療機構內發生醫療暴力通報機制」之統計數據。
結果：研究發現2014年修法後，司法案件數顯著增加至200-300例；三個時期之平均判刑天數分別為：2014年前77.9天、2014-2017年61.03天、2017年後72.58天；醫療暴力通報案件呈現下降趨勢，從2018年399件降至2022年260件；年度結案率平均為61%，各縣市差異懸殊（27%-100%）；僅22%通報案件受到行政或刑事處分。
結論：修法後雖成功提升案件之可見度，然通報件數仍高，且量刑相對寬緩，恐難收嚇阻之效。另各地方衛生主管機關處理效能差異顯著，建議中央主管機關建立標準化輔導機制，以強化執法效能。

Objective: To analyze whether the amendments to the Medical Care Act in 2014 and 2017 achieved their legislative goals of preventing case cover-ups, increasing penalties, and reducing incidents of medical violence.
Methods: Using the Judicial Yuan’s legal research system, we searched for final court rulings on violations of Article 106, Paragraph 3 of the Medical Care Act from 2014 to 2019. We also examined relevant court judgments and analyzed statistical data from the ''Medical Institution Violence Reporting Mechanism'' published in the Executive Yuan Gazette from 2018 to 2022.
Results: The study found that after the 2014 amendment, the number of judicial cases significantly increased to 200–300. The average sentencing duration for three periods was as follows: pre-2014 (77.9 days), 2014–2017 (61.03 days), and post-2017 (72.58 days). Reports of medical violence showed a downward trend, decreasing from 399 cases in 2018 to 260 cases in 2022. The average annual case closure rate was 61%, with significant regional disparities (ranging from 27% to 100%). Only 22% of reported cases resulted in administrative or criminal penalties.
Conclusion: While the amendments improved case visibility, the number of reported incidents remained high, and sentencing remained relatively lenient, raising concerns about the deterrent effect. Additionally, there were significant discrepancies in the efficiency of local health authorities in handling cases. It is recommended that central authorities establish standardized guidance mechanisms to enhance law enforcement effectiveness.