軟系統方法（SSM）在保護區周邊社區生態旅遊發展的應用

Application of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) for Developing Ecotourism in Communities Adjacent to Protected Areas

發展生態旅遊可以兼顧自然生態保護與社區生計，是社區規劃研究重點項目之一。由於現實中的社區旅遊發展問題涉及在地社區、旅遊及資源等多方面複雜因素，保護區周邊社區發展常面臨保育與土地利用的矛盾。本研究旨在建構保護區周邊社區生態旅遊框架，透過軟系統方法論（soft systems methodology, SSM）的應用剖析陽明山國家公園周邊社區，以描述性模型呈現在地的社會生態系統。本研究透過SSM方法論建構保護區周邊社區生態旅遊系統概念模型，能以全面性的系統框架說明保護區周邊社區發展生態旅遊所需的轉變，進而滿足各方的需求。此方法應用於臺灣臺北市平等里社區的案例中，展示了SSM方法在現實世界中發展生態旅遊的應用價值，可成為未來的保護區周邊社區發展生態旅遊的關鍵分析工具。

A key focus area in the community planning research literature is how ecotourism related development can balance natural protection and community livelihoods. The communities surrounding protected areas often face conflicts between conservation and land use, and encounter challenges in real-world community tourism development due to the complex interplay between local communities, tourism, and resources. This study aims to construct an ecotourism framework for communities surrounding protected areas by applying soft systems methodology (SSM) to investigate a community adjacent to Yangmingshan National Park, Taiwan. By applying SSM, this study presents a local social–ecological system and constructs a conceptual and descriptive model of an ecotourism system for communities surrounding protected areas. This model can comprehensively explain the transformations needed for ecotourism development in these communities that can also meet the needs of various stakeholders. The present case study of the Pingdeng village community in Taipei, Taiwan demonstrates the valuable and practical potential of SSM in developing ecotourism in the real world and shows the capability of SSM to serve as a key analytical tool for the future development of ecotourism in communities surrounding protected areas.