從社會技術生態論考察臺灣網撈鯖魚漁業的海路變遷

A Socio-Techno-Ecological Perspective on the Evolution of Taiwan’s Mackerel Seine Fishery

臺灣東北角網撈鯖魚發展過三種漁法：巾著網、鯖鰺圍網（地方又稱為日式大型圍網），扒網（又俗稱三腳虎），回顧這些網撈漁法的引進和演變過程，明確可見網撈鯖魚漁業的出現和興起，令東北海域鯖鰺資源被開發為一個鯖魚產業經濟，不僅有著高度工業化的捕撈，完備批發拍賣制度，並且也形成加工水產聚落，可說是商業化程度相關高的自然資源利用案例。本文援引人類學者的社會技術生態論（sociotechnical ecology），從技術物切入探究社會文化變遷，以臺灣網撈鯖魚的漁具漁法變遷為軸，嘗試拼貼一幅臺灣海洋漁業「工業化」、「現代化」的發展圖景，將微觀尺度的漁民能動性展現，以及宏觀的國際治理海洋法政的變遷，納入在解釋網撈鯖魚漁具漁法更迭的敘事中。有別於從經濟理性觀點將捕撈效率視為主導漁具漁法的最強解釋，本論文嘗試從社會技術生態論的認識論，將漁民個體能動性、集體行動和地方社會經濟，以及國際海洋治理變遷等因素，說明網撈鯖魚的海路變遷。

On Taiwan’s northeast coast, mackerel seine fishery has undergone three major transitions in fishing method: two-boats purse seine, the Japanese-style large purse seine, and the Taiwanese purse seine. This study explores thefishery’s introduction and growth, depicting it as a case of highly industrialized and commercially significant natural resource usage. Taking a socio-techno-ecological approach, this paper focuses on socio-cultural changes infishing gear and practices that encompass both micro-scale fishermen agency and macro-scale international governance of the sea. In contrast to an economic efficiency perspective, this study emphasizes the impact of elements such as individual as well as collective fishermen agency, local socioeconomics, and shifts in the worldwide political-economic structure on the socio-techno-ecological progress of mackerel seinefishery.