探討大專學生水果類攝取之知識、態度及行為相關研究

A study on the knowledge, attitude and behavior of fruit intake among universities students

依據國民健康署「20 7-2020國民營養健康狀況變遷調查」，我國9~64歲成人每日平均水果攝取不足兩份者高達87.6%。本研究採用營養問卷來進行調查，以探討大專院校學生對於攝取水果類的相關營養知識，態度及其飲食行為（KAP）是否有差異。問卷採面對面的方式進行研究，內容包含兩部份：分別評估「營養知識與態度」及「飲食行為」。研究對象為長庚科技大學大二的學生，共計3 5位，依據年級、系別、男女比例進行分層隨機抽樣。分別為：護理系2 0名（30位男性，80位女性）、保健營養系42名（ 位男性，3 位女性）、幼保系42名（2位男性，40位女性）、妝品系2 名（位男性，20位女性）。
「營養知識與態度」問卷研究結果顯示，3 5名學生中答對率以保健營養系最高，其次依序為幼保系、妝品系及護理系。依據各系性別相比較：整體而言保健營養系女生答對率高於男生：幼保系、妝品系及護理系則是男生答對率均略高於女生。依據系別及性別相比較：女生答對率保健營養系最高，依序為幼保系、妝品系、護理系；男性則為保健營養系最高，依序為妝品系、幼保系、護理系。保健營養系在營養專業知識的答對率確實比其他三系明顯較高。
「飲食行為」問卷結果顯示，極高比率的學生在水果類的攝取頻率是偏低的，只有大約七分之一的學生有每天吃水果。學生在平日飲食行為中的水果攝取頻率也受到價格和攝取方式等因素的影響。這些因素進而影響水果攝取之頻率及攝取量。即使是保健營養系的學生，不論男性或女性也明顯未達到水果攝取的建議，此結果顯示營養知識與態度在大專院校學生的水果類攝取未能真正反應在飲食行為，或許與學生離家住宿採買水果不易具有相關性。
研究結果顯示，有修習過專業營養知識相關課程的大專院校學生對於攝取水果類的營養知識及態度具有較正確的認知，但知識未必能確實落實在飲食行為。營養教育確實可以改變營養知識及態度，但要改善飲食行為，還需要更多的營養教育及宣導，做為後續的研究。

According to the Ministry of Health and Welfare ''2017-2020 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, (NAHSIT)'', 87.6% of adults aged 19 to 64 in Taiwan consume less than two servings of fruit per day. This study used nutrition questionnaires to investigate whether there are differences in nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and dietary behaviors (KAP) regarding fruit intake among university students. The questionnaire was conducted face-to-face and consisted of two parts: ''nutrition knowledge and attitude'' and ''eating behavior''. The subjects were 315 students of Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, and stratified random sampling was based on grade, department, and gender ratio. They are: 210 in the Nursing Department (30 males, 180 females), 42 in the Health and Nutrition Department (11 males, 31 females), 42 in the Childcare Department (2 males, 40 females), and 21 in the Cosmetics Department (1 male, 20 females).
The results of the ''Nutrition Knowledge and Attitude'' questionnaire survey showed that the Department of Health and Nutrition had the highest correct answer rate, followed by Childcare Department, Cosmetics Department and Nursing Department. Comparing by gender: the correct answer rate of females in Health and Nutrition Department is higher than that of males; the correct answer rate of males in Childcare Department, Cosmetics Department and Nursing Department is slightly higher than that of females. Comparing by department and gender: the correct answer rate of females in Health and Nutrition Department was the highest, followed by Childcare Department, Cosmetics Department and Nursing Department; for males, the correct answer rate of females in Health and Nutrition Department was the highest, followed by Cosmetics Department, Childcare Department, and Nursing Department. Health and Nutrition Department has a significantly higher correct answer rate in nutrition professional knowledge than the other three departments.
The results of the ''Eating Behavior'' questionnaire showed that a very high proportion of students had a low frequency of fruit intake, with only about one in seven students eating fruit every day. The frequency of fruit intake in students' dietary behavior is also affected by price and intake method. These factors also affect the frequency and amount of fruit intake. Even students in the Department of Health and Nutrition, both male and female did not meet the recommended fruit intake. This result suggests that nutritional knowledge and attitudes regarding fruit intake among university students are not truly reflected in dietary behavior, perhaps because it is difficult for students to buy fruit when staying away from home.
The results show that university students who have taken professional nutrition courses have more understanding nutritional knowledge and attitudes towards fruit intake, but the knowledge may not be actually implemented in eating behavior. Nutrition education can indeed change nutrition knowledge and attitudes, but to improve eating behaviors, more nutrition education and advocacy are needed as followup research.