複頻超音波輔助不同溶劑萃取丹參莖葉產物其化學組成及抗氧化性質之反應曲面影響

Influence of Multi-Frequency Ultrasound with Response Surface Methodology on Chemical Composition and Anti-Oxidative Capacity of Salvia miltiorrhiza Stems and Leaves Extracted Using Different Solvents

複頻超音波（multi-frequency ultrasound）與單頻相比具有較顯著的空穴效應（cavitation effect），已被運用在食品工業相關領域，天然物萃取是重要的應用方向與項目。丹參（Salvia miltiorrhiza , SM）藥用部位為根部，可祛瘀、止痛、通經，然近年被發現莖、葉等廢棄物具有抗氧化（anti-oxidative）、預防心血管疾病（cardiovascular disease, CVD）、減緩肝炎（hepatitis）、調節糖尿病（diabetes mellitus, DM）等活性，其中丹參酚酸B（salvianolic acid B）是重要的指標成分。本研究利用複頻超音波輔助萃取丹參莖葉，透過反應曲面法（response surface methodology, RSM）設計不同萃取溶劑倍數、時間與溫度等條件組合，探討其中化學組成與抗氧化活性間之關係，並以丹參酚酸B為指標探討其萃取效能。結果顯示，丹參莖葉水萃取物（water extract of SM stems and leaves, SMW）之收率較酒精或丙酮萃取者高，且, -二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（, -diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH）自由基清除效能相對優越，其中以7倍的水於80℃下萃取80分鐘可獲得含有6.7 mg/g丹參酚酸B之SMW，如將該等條件與萃取物規格確認，未來將具有高度發展的潛力。

Multi-frequency ultrasound exhibits a more pronounced cavitation effect compared to single-frequency ultrasound, and has been applied in various fields within the food industry. One important application is the extraction of natural compounds. The roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) are traditionally used to promote blood circulation, relieve pain, and regulate menstruation, and its otherwise discarded stems and leaves have recently garnered interest for bioactive properties. These by-products have demonstrated anti-oxidative activity and potential in preventing cardiovascular diseases, alleviating hepatitis, and regulating diabetes mellitus. Salvianolic acid B, a major phenolic compound, serves as a key bioactive marker. In this study, a multi-frequency ultrasound-assisted extraction technique was employed to extract bioactive compounds from SM stems and leaves. Extraction parameters, including solvent-to-sample ratio (v/w), temperature, and time, were optimized by response surface methodology to evaluate their influence on chemical composition and antioxidant activity. The extraction efficiency was assessed using an indicator, salvianolic acid B. Results indicated that the aqueous extract of SM stems and leaves (SMW) yielded a higher extraction efficiency compared to ethanolic or acetone extracts and exhibited superior 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Under the condition of a 7-fold volume of water at 80°C for 80 min, SMW contained 16.7 mg/g of salvianolic acid B. With further validation and standardization of these extraction conditions, this approach shows great potential for future development and application.