關係人銷貨交易與企業避稅程度之關聯性

The Association between Related-Party Sales and Corporate Tax Avoidance

關係人交易可提供企業透過移轉訂價進行避稅的管道與機會，然而既有文獻探討關係人交易目的，存在投機性交易假說與效率契約假說兩種觀點，本研究認為不同類型的關係人交易對於企業租稅規避行為可能產生不同的影響。本研究以永久性財稅差異絕對值，作為企業避稅程度指標。沿用文獻作法，以年度合併財務報表之關係人銷貨作為投機性關係人交易衡量指標，並以（母公司）個體年度財務報表關係人銷貨與年度合併財務報表關係人銷貨之差額推估效率契約假說之關係人交易。本研究以2012年至2021年之非金融業上市櫃公司為樣本，實證發現投機性關係人銷貨交易與租稅規避程度呈顯著正向關係，而基於效率契約安排之關係人銷貨交易與租稅規避程度呈顯著負向關係，意謂安排較多投機性關係人交易之企業有較高程度的租稅規避，而進行較多效率契約關係人交易之企業較不會進行積極之租稅規避行為。

Firms with more related party transactions have more opportunities to avoid tax. However, managers might arrange related party transactions based on different motivations; one is to opportunistically deprive minority interests (hereafter, the opportunistic hypothesis), and the other is to enhance contract efficiency (hereafter, the efficient-contracting hypothesis). This study aims to test whether the effects of different types of related party transactions on the degree of corporate tax avoidance are different. This study uses absolute permanent book-tax differences to proxy the corporate tax avoidance. Following existing literature, this study uses the related-party sales of consolidated financial statements to measure the opportunistic hypothesis related-party transaction, and uses the difference between the related-party sales of consolidated financial statements and the counterpart of parent company only financial statements to measure the efficient-contracting hypothesis related-party transaction. The sample of this study consists of non-financial listed firms during 2012 and 2021 in Taiwan. The empirical results show that the more opportunistic hypothesis related-party transaction, the more corporate tax avoidance. On the contrary, the more the efficient- contracting hypothesis related-party transaction, the less corporate tax avoidance.