東海岸阿美族海祭的社會與生態意涵

The Social and Ecological Implications of the Sea Ritual among the 'Amis People on the East Coast of Taiwan

在阿美族的海洋文化中，與海洋有關的儀式祭典，是最能夠突顯阿美族人與海洋間的關聯性及其中的社會、文化與生態知識，本文以東海岸地區由北到南的Makota’ay（港口）部落、Torik（都歷）部落、A’tolan（都蘭）部落、Falangaw（馬蘭）部落海祭為例，從比較性的觀點簡介這些部落的海祭儀式所再現的文化、社會與生態意義。海岸地區阿美族人與海洋之間的關聯性，其含義不僅只是單純的再現阿美族人對海洋的信仰與宇宙觀而已，該信仰其實隱含有海岸地區阿美族人將海洋與陸地視為一個整體，且賴以生存的生態與環境知識體系，也具有確認阿美族社會的性別與倫理的社會關係功能，形成一個整合文化性、社會性與生態性的複雜海洋知識體系。

The sea ritual represents the relationship between the ‘Amis people and the sea, which includes the entanglements among social, cultural and ecological knowledge therein. This essay explores the implications of the sea riotuals among four ‘Amis indigenous communities, including Makota’ay, Torik, A'tolan, and Falangaw. The correlation between the ‘Amis people in the coastal area and the sea more than simply indicates the ‘Amis people’s belief of the maritime cosmic view. The belief actually implies that the ‘Amis people in the coastal area regard the ocean and land as a whole, and rely on the ecological and environmental knowledge system for subsistence also has the function of confirming the gender and ethical social relationship of the ‘Amis community, forming a complex marine knowledge system integrating cultural, social and ecological aspects.