由1990-2017全國調查報告探討台灣成年人過重與肥胖盛行率

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Taiwanese Adults: Estimates from National Surveys, 1990-2017

近來肥胖已被國際世衛組織視為全球流行性疾病。本文由1990年到2017年間的國民健康訪問調查與國民營養健康狀況變遷調查歸納台灣成年人過重與肥胖的盛行率，並與台灣週邊東亞及南亞國家肥胖盛行率做比較。其中特別需要考量的是BMI定義標準值的使用，包括世衛建議全球使用的指標、適用亞洲人的指標、以及台灣自訂特有的指標。國民營養健康狀況變遷調查及國民健康訪問調查自1993-96、2001、2009、2013到2017年提供一個基準，讓我們可以歸納在不同性別與年齡層之間過重與肥胖的盛行率及趨勢。結果指出在1990年之後，男性成人族群過重與肥胖率穩定增加，在使用台灣特有的BMI指標時，中年族群(45-64歲)有27.6%的肥胖率。65歲以上的女性則有21%為肥胖。類似趨勢也在其他東亞與南亞國家出現，但礙於各國之間不同BMI指標的使用，於2001年之後無法有直接確實的比較。台灣現今成人肥胖率甚高，與肥胖相關的疾病如糖尿病與心血管疾病已對國家社會醫療體系造成相當高的負擔。建議針對台灣成年族群過重與肥胖比例對健康與疾病的影響需要投入更多的研究。

Obesity has recently been viewed as a global epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this paper, we aimed to provide the best estimates of prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity among Taiwanese adults based on existing national surveys between 1990 and 2017. A comprehensive search was used to identify reports and published papers featuring nationally representative prevalence data in Taiwan and other East Asian countries for comparison since 1990. Particular consideration was given to the effect of body mass index (BMI)-based definitional criteria use: The WHO global, the WHO-Asian, and Taiwan-specific criteria. The National Health and Nutrition Survey and the National Health Interview Survey from 1993-96, 2001, 2009, 2013 and 2017 provided the basis for summary of trends in prevalence of overweight and obesity and gender and age group comparisons. Results indicated steady increases in overweight and obesity prevalence for men since 1990 with 27.6% of males aged 45-64 years classed as obese using Taiwanese criteria. For females, 21% of those aged 65 and over were classed as obese. Similar trends were seen in other East Asian countries but direct comparisons with Taiwan were not possible since 2001 due to differences in criteria used. Taiwan now has a high rate of obesity and the related diseases such as diabetes and heart disease are likely to already be placing high demands on public health services. More research is needed on the impact of degree of overweight and obese in Taiwanese people on health and disease.