陸羽《茶經》的傳釋與衍異：北宋「擇水」論述的考察

The Interpretation and Derivation of The Canon of Tea by Lu Yu: An Investigation into the Discourse of Water Selection in the Northern Song

作為飲茶史上第一部系統性專著，唐代陸羽所撰《茶經》被宋人奉為茶文化的典律，其中又以辨水鑒泉的「擇水」議題為首要。本文首先追溯唐代陸羽《茶經》論水及衍生「二十水」的系譜發展，以勾勒宋人辨水與訪求泉品所依循的文獻。再以北宋散文為中心，探究宋人如何憑藉自身的茶飲體驗，與陸羽《茶經》的知識體系交會，並透過典籍的追尋與傳釋，使得文化再生。最後指出宋人訪泉試茶，是以陸子泉作為權衡優劣的標準，擇水論述中感懷不遇、至鑒汲引的展現，也來自於對陸羽〈游慧山寺〉的仰觀與衍異。透過宋人對陸羽辨水的傳釋與衍異，得以具體呈現宋代擇水論述的特色與茶文學地景的創生，揭示宋人茗飲的精神視野。

Lu Yu’s The Canon of Tea, written during the Tang Dynasty, has long been regarded as a classic. In the Tang Dynasty, tea drinking represented a transcendent lifestyle and refined taste; however, it became even more sophisticated during the Song Dynasty. In particular, literati of the Northern Song began to emphasize the importance of water and actively sought out high-quality springs. The descriptions of water in The Canon of Tea were later regarded as the foundational guidelines for water selection. This article focuses on Northern Song prose to explore how the literati drew upon their own tea-drinking experiences to engage with and reinterpret the knowledge system established by Lu Yu. This convergence shaped the literary landscape of tea culture during the Song Dynasty and revealed the spiritual dimensions of tea drinking. Furthermore, the article examines how Northern Song scholars used Lu Yu’s criteria as a starting point for evaluating and classifying water sources, transforming the practice of water selection for tea into a refined and routine aspect of daily life.