穆斯林齋戒月禁食之健康照護

The Fasting Month of Ramadan and Health Care

自2010年至2030年穆斯林人口成長率將為非穆斯林人口之兩倍，預估2060年將達全球人口三分之一，近年臺灣穆斯林人口近年也有相當成長。雖然病人、小孩、老人、哺乳期婦女在回教教義可免於執行每年一個月之齋戒，但有相當多的穆斯林因對宗教之虔誠而參與。齋戒月隨著回教之農曆第九個月，並非固定日期或季節，世界各國日照長短也不一。臺灣醫療人員對於穆斯林之健康狀況與齋戒之諮詢，或是參與齋戒月期間之身體不適就醫可參考之文獻相當少。本文就齋戒月禁食、糖尿病、心血管疾病、腎臟病、孕婦、兒童、移工、體重與睡眠文獻進行整合，最後提出健康指導，期待增加醫療健康照護者之穆斯林文化敏感性及提供醫療相關健康照護之參考訊息。

The global Muslim population growth rate is forecasted to be about twice that of non- Muslims from 2010 to 2030. It is estimated that the Muslim population will reach one-third of the world’s population in 2060. The Muslim population in Taiwan has also grown considerably in recent years. Although sick persons, children, the elderly, and lactating women are exempt from the one-month Ramadan every year, there are many Muslims who participate in this religious observance. The month of Ramadan occurs at the 9th month of the Islamic lunar calendar, and so there is no fixed regular date or season. Medical staff members in Taiwan have relatively little medical care knowledge related to faster during Ramadan. This article reviews and integrates the literature on Ramadan fasting, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, pregnancy, children, migrant workers, body weight, and sleep and proposes health education based on the findings. This paper can be used as a reference to for health care providers because it increase cultural sensitivity to Muslim health care and provides information to the medical health care system.