以人為中心照護氛圍量表中文版信效度之初探

Preliminary Assessment of Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Person-centered Care Climate Questionnaire-Patient（PCQ-P）

目的：以人為中心的照護是提供專業照護給長照機構住民的最佳方式，本研究期能編訂以人為中心照護氛圍(Person-Centered Care Climate Questionnaire-Patient, PCQ-P)中文版量表，並檢測其信效度。方法：本研究採用橫斷面問卷調查設計，選定台灣中部10所長期照護機構、250位住民為研究對象。採PCQ-P中翻英版、生活滿意度(Satisfaction With Life Scale, SWLS)和日常生活功能評估(Activity of Daily Life, ADL)量表。結果：顯示以人為中心照護氛圍(PCQ-P)中文版量表分別與SWLS、ADL呈顯著中度正相關(r=0.54)、低度正相關(r=0.14)，具有顯著的收斂效度。項目分析、探索性及驗證性因素分析的結果證明了PCQ-P中文版量表構建效度是令人滿意的。PCQ-P中文版量表的17個題項Cronbach’sα為0.96，顯示出高信度，兩個子量表分別為安全0.95，友善0.92，均具有可靠之內部一致性。結論：PCQ-P中文版量表是一個信效度良好的工具，且是一份簡單又直接的項目，可以用來衡量在台灣長照機構住民的認知，並提供了比較研究的重要基礎及深入探索以人為本照護的範本。

Objectives. Person-centered care is the provision of professional care to people residing in long-term care institutions. The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary assessment of reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Person-centered Care Climate Questionnaire-Patient (PCQ-P) for long-term care residents in Taiwan.
Methods. This cross-sectional survey study enrolled a total of 250 residents selected from ten long-term care institutions in Central Taiwan. The participants were administered an adapted Chinese version of the Person-centered Climate Questionnaire-Patient version (PCQ-P), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Activity of Daily Life (ADL).
Results. We found the Chinese version of the PCQ-P to have substantial convergent validity with higher scores correlating significantly with higher resident life satisfaction (r=0.54), and with lower ADL functions (r=0.14). A satisfactory construct validity was evidenced by a significantly higher mean PCQ-P score in survey collected from residents in higher quality long-term care institutions. Our factor analysis pinpointed two factors (safety and hospitality) from the PCQ-P among the residents in Taiwanese long-term care institutions. Construct validity was found satisfactory by item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factory analysis. The 17-item questionnaire showed high reliability with an overall satisfactory Cronbach’s alpha of 0.96 as well as 0.95 and 0.92 for two subscales, safety and hospitality, respectively.
Conclusion. The Chinese version of the PCQ-P is a valid and reliable tool for directly measuring the perceptions of the person-centered climate in Taiwan’s long-term care institution. The simple and straightforward PCQ-P is easily administered to long-term care institution residents and the items it covers also provide important fundamentals for comparative studies and further exploration of person-centeredness care.