台灣專科護理師培訓及進階制度

Nurses Practitioner Training and Ladder System in Taiwan

專科護理師訓練目前主要仍在醫療機構中進行，醫院訓練其優點為時效性，相對的其訓練品質標準較難統一。然而專科護理師研究所之培育包含國家考試所需的學科及臨床訓練時數外，亦有研究方法、統計或實證等課程；提供更具系統性的基礎訓練但需要較長時間的養成。惟目前專科護理師具備研究所學歷僅佔19.3%，且國內研究所培育碩士級專科護理師量能仍有限。因此，專科護理師進階制度亦是維持照護品質重要的一環，目前每年專科護理師申請進階通過率約為36~44%。本文介紹分成兩大面向，首先以目前專科護理師之培訓為起點，含括訓練醫院認定執行過程。再闡述專科護理師之執業範疇及其進階制度成效以提升專科護理師之專業發展。最後，專科護理師需長遠規劃，期能在未來10年內所有的專科護理師培訓在護理研究所進行，基礎門檻提升至碩士學歷以利優化一致性的專業訓練達到國際標準；此外，持續推動專科護理師進階制度，多方面開設相關課程以協助持續精進其專業成長，以利全民福祉。

Nursing practitioners (NPs) were mainly cultivated in hospitals, the positive side of hospital training is efficient but lack of standardize quality. NP program in graduate level from school provide not only lecture and practicum to meet national examination criteria but also research course, statistical analysis course or evidence based practice, thus, offer systematic fundamental training but need more time to complete the program compare to hospital training. Only 19.3% of NPs received training from school and there are limited school-based NP program in Taiwan. Thus, nursing practitioner ladder is one of the key to ensure quality of care, the passing rate of the ladder is 36-44% for each year. This paper described two main sections, one is concerning nursing practitioner training including hospital accreditation process enable to train nurse practitioner. In addition, the other section is to illustrate scope of nurse practitioner practice and effectiveness of NP promoting ladder to optimize nurse practitioner professional growth. Lastly, long term strategy for NP development is needed. NPs should be trained in graduate school-based with master degree to achieve the same and high stander at international requirement for advanced practice nurse, as such, enhancing well-being for all.