影響慢性精神病身心障礙者職業訓練完訓的因素：某精神專科醫院20年回溯性研究

Factors Affecting Completing Vocational Training Courses for People with a Chronic Mental Disability: A Retrospective Study in a Psychiatric Hospital

目的：探討慢性精神病導致身心障礙(簡稱精障)者的職業訓練完訓率、影響完訓的因素及完訓後三個月的就業率。方法：本研究為立意取樣回溯性世代研究。收集南臺灣某精神專科醫院2003年至2022年身心障礙職業訓班學員人口學資料及其「完訓與否」，藉由統計分析以了解精障完訓率、完訓相關因素及訓後三個月就業率。結果：統計該專科醫院20年間共247人次參訓，其中精障者佔91%，參訓男女學員在年齡、教育程度、身心障礙類別及嚴重等級上，並無顯著差異，職訓完訓率平均為94%。職訓完訓與否和「參訓時的年齡是否為中高年齡」有顯著相關；完訓後3個月的就業率為64%。結論：中高齡精神障礙者參與職業訓練需要更多的協助，以輔導及支持其順利完訓。鑒於精障者終止或換工作的頻率較一般身心障礙族群高，建議完訓後就業輔導追蹤可大於現行3個月。將精神醫療專業納入職訓課程，對提高精障者完訓率和就業率的影響，未來還需更多研究。

Objectives. The study aims to investigate the completion rate of vocational training among people with chronic mental disabilities, factors affecting completion, and the 3-month employment rate post-training.
Methods. Demographic data of trainees with disabilities from one psychiatric hospital in southern Taiwan were retrospectively collected from 2003 to 2022. Training completion rates and factors affecting completion were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. The trainees were followed up for 3 month post-training to assess employment rates.
Results. Data from 247 individuals with disabilities who participated in vocational training between 2003 and 2023 was collected. 91% of the participants had chronic psychotic disorders. No significant difference was found in age, education level, type and severity of disabilities between men and women. The average training completion rate was 94%. The completion rate of vocational training courses was significantly related to the age of the trainees at the time of training. The 3-month employment rate post-training was 64%.
Conclusion. Middle-aged and elderly people with chronic mental disorders require additional support to complete vocational training successfully. The frequency of job failure or job switches for people with chronic mental disorders is higher than for people with other disabilities, suggesting that the follow-up time after completing vocational training should exceed 3 months. By integrating psychiatric medical professions into vocational training courses, the effect on improving the training completion rate and employment rate of people with mental disabilities needs more future research.