探討醫院膳食工作人員健康信念與肌肉骨骼傷害預防行為之研究

A Study on Health Beliefs and Preventive Behaviors of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Hospital Dietary Workers

目的：本研究運用健康信念模式作為理論架構，了解醫院膳食工作人員健康信念與肌肉骨骼傷害預防行為之研究。方法：以立意取樣橫斷面研究，利用結構式問卷健康信念量表進行調查，共收集146份有效問卷。結果：在統計顯著水準至多達5%的水準下，工作種類每增加一項，自覺罹患性分數會增加0.42分、行動線索分數會增加0.26分。身體質量指數每增加1kg/m2，自覺利益性減少0.15分、自我效能減少0.21分。目前工作年資每增加1年，自覺利益性分數會減少0.22分、自我效能分數減少0.17分。總工作年資每增加1年，自覺障礙性會增加0.08分、行動線索會減少0.05分、意外種類每增加一項，自覺障礙性會減少1.3分。結論：管理單位應主動關懷及建立完整職場健康促進方案，適度排休及職務輪調；增加肌肉骨骼傷害症狀之知識，自主性防範傷害產生；鼓勵工作時間外培養運動習慣，加強身體肌力及肌耐力，進一步避免肌肉骨骼傷害。

Objectives. This study examines health beliefs and preventive behavior of musculoskeletal disorders among hospital dietary workers with the Health Belief Model as a theoretical framework.
Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and data was collected using intentional sampling and the structured questionnaire Health Beliefs Scale, resulting in 146 valid questionnaires.
Results. In the case of 5%(or below) statistical significance level, Every increase in the job category raised the perceived susceptibility and cues to action score by 0.42 and 0.26 points, respectively. Every 1kg/m2 increase in the body mass index decreased perceived benefit and self-efficacy by 0.15 and 0.21 points, respectively. Furthermore, every 1-year increase in seniority at the current job reduced perceived benefit by 0.22 points and selfefficacy by 0.17 points. Every 1-year increase in total seniority raised perceived barriers by 0.08 points but reduced cues to action by 0.05 points. Finally, every increase in the accident type decreased perceived barriers by 1.3 points.
Conclusion. The management should focus on this issue, appropriate scheduling, and job rotation. It should develop a comprehensive health promotion program and educate employees about the symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders to facilitate their prevention. Moreover, it should encourage employees to develop exercise habits to strengthen muscle power and muscle endurance.