論被告之有利資訊請求權──以英國及美國之證據管理機制為核心

A Study on Defendant’s Right to Request for Exculpatory Information: Focusing on Evidence Management Mechanisms of US and UK

刑事案件的偵查是一項困難的任務，在案件初期警察必須要探索尋找各種不同的證據線索，以建立案件理論以及決定辦案方向。此案件理論以及辦案方向對於後續的司法程序有著深遠的影響，但是在法律上針對這個資訊累積的過程，幾乎沒有任何規範，實有必要加以正視。本文擬將討論重點放在刑事案件偵查過程中如何管理對被告有利之資訊，試圖整理出法律上可能有什麼樣的規範模式，可以讓司法程序在獲知完整的資訊前提下，進行決策。在結構上本文將首先介紹我國過去因為案件資訊管理不當所造成之實際問題，並從心理學上隧道視野的觀點討論資訊管理機制的必要性。接著再介紹英美相關之法制是如何從正當法律程序切入，在制度面試圖保障被告之資訊獲知權，最後則是針對我國提出政策上之建議。

Criminal investigation is a difficult task. At the beginning of an investigation, the police must explore the threads of clues to determine the theories of the case and the directions of the investigation. Theories and directions developed during investigation have a profound influence on the subsequent judicial process; however, the law has not much to say about this process of information accumulation. This article attempts to discuss issues related to the management of exculpatory evidence during investigation and to explore methods to ensure that the judicial process makes decisions based on knowing the full extent of the investigatory evidence. In the following, this article will first introduce the problems that occurred in the past due to poor information management, and to argue that from a psychological perspective, a management mechanism that takes into account tunnel vision is desirable. Then this paper will look into the relevant laws in the US and UK for guidance, particularly focusing on mechanisms to ensure due process of law and the right to have access to information of the accused are fulfilled. Finally, the last part will make suggestions for future reforms in Taiwan.