建成環境、停車供需與違規停車關係之探討

Exploring the Relationship between Built Environment, Parking Supply and Demand, and Illegal Parking

國內有許多路側停車需求，違規停車現象屢見不鮮，影響道路效率及交通安全。本研究以臺北市686個交通分區、106至111年調查資料為基礎，探討違規停車與停車供需及建成環境關係。本研究以交通分區作為分層變數建立階層（或稱混合效果）卜瓦松迴歸模型，辨識與違規停車具顯著相關的重要因素與時間效果。模式分析結果顯示，執法程度、土地混合程度、大眾運輸場站、樓地板面積變數均為違規停車的重要影響變數。進一步以地理加權卜瓦松迴歸模式分析結果發現，停車需供比在不同地區具顯著差異。中心商業區之停車需求高，但因取締嚴格，停車費率對違規影響不大；而非中心商業區違規行為對停車費率較為敏感，顯示停車費率應因地區特性採不同策略。

There's a significant demand for on-street parking in Taiwan, leading to frequent illegal parking, which negatively impacts road efficiency and traffic safety. This study investigates the relationship between illegal parking, parking supply and demand, and the built environment. It uses survey data from 2017 to 2022 across 686 traffic analysis zones in Taipei. This research employs a hierarchical (or mixed-effects) Poisson regression model, with traffic analysis zones as a stratifying variable, to identify significant factors and temporal effects related to illegal parking. The model analysis reveals that enforcement levels, land-use mix, public transport stations, and floor area ratio are all significant variables influencing illegal parking. Further analysis using a geographically weighted Poisson regression model shows that the parking supply-to-demand ratio varies significantly across different areas. In central business districts, where parking demand is high but enforcement is strict, parking fees have little impact on illegal parking. Conversely, in non-central business districts, illegal parking is more sensitive to parking fees, suggesting that parking fee strategies should be adapted to regional characteristics.