探討「以上」、「以下」範圍限定之解讀

AN EXPLORATIOSN OF CHINESE L1 USERS’INTERPRETATIONS OF“YISHANG”AND“YIXIA”SCOPE QUALIFIERS

在日常用語中，使用「以上」、「以下」範圍限定詞頗為常見，如「65歲以上半票。」本研究採用量化問卷及質化訪談方式，探究「以上」、「以下」在「日常中文」和「法律中文」的語境中認知上是否存在著差異性，及語言使用者如何理解其包含本數與否。本文量化問卷結果，發現在判斷「包含本數」時，日常語境和「以下」的判斷有顯著的關聯性、法律語境和「以上」的判斷有顯著關聯，而「以上、以下」對舉的判斷則在兩種語境中都會出現，但在日常語境中較多。透過質性訪談，本文發現母語使用者運用「以上」、「以下」時有一種混沌未明的現象。

In colloquial Chinese,“yǐshàng”and“yǐxià”scope qualifiers are quite common, such as“65 suìyǐshàng bànpiào”(half-price tickets for those over 65). We explore whether there are differences in native speakers’readings of“yǐshàng”and“yǐxià”in colloquial Chinese vs legal Chinese, specifically how they understand whether these include the stated number in the range expressed. Questionnaires and interviews were the data sources. Results from the questionnaire showed that there is no significant difference in the readings of“yǐshàng”and“yǐshàng yǐxià”in colloquial vs legal Chinese, but there are significant differences in the readings of“yǐxià”: Most readings of colloquial uses do not count the stated number within the range whereas most of the readings for the legal uses consider the range to include the number. Interviews showed that the interpretation of“yǐshàng”and“yǐxià”by native speakers in judging whether“yǐshàng”and“yǐxià”include the stated number exhibited no detectable pattern. This paper offers further exploration of the judgment characteristics of native speakers when interpreting“yǐshàng”and“yǐxià.”