中文近義動詞「擦、塗、抹」之詞彙語意和構式搭配分析

A LEXICAL SEMANTIC AND COLLOSTRUCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE NEAR-SYNONYMOUS VERBS CA, TU, AND MO IN MANDARIN CHINESE

從詞彙語意和構式搭配的角度，本文分析中文近義動詞「擦、塗、抹」。主要發現包含：（一）在「擦/塗/抹+NP」結構中，由視角決定NP為處所或客體，然其語意取決於動詞的詞彙化意義及客體、工具、表面之間的相對位置關係；（二）構式搭配詞位分析法顯示，「擦」偏好「擦+處所」，「擦+NP」偏好移除義；「塗」偏好「塗+客體」，且附著義已詞彙化；「抹」對於客體或處所NP無特別偏好，對於附著義和移除義也無明顯偏好；（三）對可同時充當這三個動詞的賓語，區辨性搭配詞位分析法顯示，「擦」偏好表身體部位之處所NP，典型語意為移除；「塗」偏好化妝品、藥品等客體NP，皆表附著義；「抹」偏好帶有特定具體目的客體NP，典型語意為附著。

This paper adopts lexical semantic and collostructional approaches to analyze Mandarin verbs of spraying. Major findings are as follows. First, the choice of a theme/location object in the V + NP construction is a matter of perspective. Nevertheless, the semantic interpretation of the construction is determined by the verb’s lexicalized meaning and the relative positions of theme, instrument, and surface. Second, a collexeme analysis reveals that each verb attracts different collexemes. Ca prefers the ca + location construction and the ca + NP construction is strongly associated with the ‘off’ meaning. Tu, which lexicalizes the ‘onto’ meaning, prefers the tu + theme construction. Mo shows no preference in the choice of the location/theme NP’s or the ‘onto/off’ readings. Third, a distinctive collexeme analysis is conducted to analyze the NP’s that can collocate with the three verbs. It is found that ca prefers the ca + location construction and the ‘off’ meaning. Tu exhibits preference for the V + theme construction and the ‘onto’ meaning. The mo + theme construction with the ‘onto’ meaning can best distinguish mo form the others.