論柏林洪堡廣場與臺北自由廣場之空間轉型正義

Transitional Justice in the Spaces of the Humboldt Forum in Berlin and Freedom Square in Taipei

本文以雙城德國柏林洪堡廣場（Humboldt Forum）與臺北自由廣場為例，討論城市公共空間轉型正義的形塑及它們所展現的新城市精神與國家價值。1990年東西德統一後，首都柏林城市「中心區」（Mitte）最古老的心臟地帶，開始大量現代化建設，包括最著名博物館島的整修與「洪堡廣場」（原普魯士皇宮）博物館的建造。德國人希望利用洪堡廣場，把城市核心區域的各個博物館、大學、圖書館連結起來，利用城市中心的美麗視覺空間，為這個城市及這個國家找到新時代精神象徵。臺灣歷經80年代民主改革運動，在政治上的自由度及公民平等上，都堪稱為亞洲民主國家典範。但今日臺北也與東西柏林統一後一樣，面臨許多城市空間上的轉型正義問題，兩個城市都於90年代因應政治改革，在城市空間規劃上有新的覺醒與體認。柏林在激烈討論中，體認出藝術、文化才真正是城市空間的靈魂所在。臺北也在革新中，以中正紀念堂與自由廣場為例，城市空間的再利用，則仍處在摸索與蛻變的階段中。

This article takes the Humboldt Forum in Berlin and the Freedom Square in Taipei as an example to discuss the transformation of urban public space transformation justice and the new urban spirit and national value they display. After the reunification of East and West in 1990, the oldest heart of the capital city of Berlin, Mitte, began a large number of modern construction, including the renovation of the most famous Museum Island and the construction of the Humboldt Square (formerly Prussian Palace) museum. The Germans hope to use Humboldt Square to connect the museums, universities and libraries in the core areas of the city and use the beautiful visual space of the city center to find a symbol of the new era for the city and the country. Taiwan’s democratic reform movement in the 1980s is a model of Asian democracies in terms of political freedom and equality of citizens. However, today, Taipei, like the reunification of East and West Berlin, faces many problems of transformational justice in urban space. Both cities responded to political reforms in the 1990s and have new awakenings and recognitions in urban spatial planning. In the heated discussion, Berlin recognizes that art and culture are truly the soul of urban space. Taipei is also in the process of innovation. Taking the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall and the Freedom Square as an example, the reuse of urban space is still in the stage of exploration and transformation.